Estimasi Nilai Ekonomi dan Strategi Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Agroforestri (Studi Kasus: KTH Taruna Tani, Kabupaten Bogor)

Abstract

Hutan rakyat memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung perekonomian masyarakat sekaligus menjaga fungsi ekologis lingkungan, terutama di kawasan hulu seperti Desa Karyasari, Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, yang menjaga tata air dan keseimbangan ekosistem. Namun, pemanfaatannya oleh Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Taruna Tani masih berfokus pada hasil hutan yang bernilai pasar, sedangkan jasa lingkungan belum diperhitungkan secara optimal. Selain itu, pengelolaan hutan rakyat menghadapi kendala berupa belum optimalnya kelembagaan KTH, keterbatasan akses pemasaran, rendahnya kapasitas petani, dan belum optimalnya pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi nilai ekonomi total hutan rakyat KTH Taruna Tani serta merumuskan prioritas strategi pengelolaan hutan rakyat berkelanjutan. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 48 anggota KTH Taruna Tani untuk analisis valuasi ekonomi dan kepada lima informan kunci untuk analisis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Data dianalisis menggunakan market price method, benefit transfer method, dan AHP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai ekonomi total hutan rakyat mencapai Rp8.149.495.644 per tahun, dengan kontribusi terbesar berasal dari nilai guna langsung. Analisis AHP menunjukkan bahwa aspek ekonomi menjadi kriteria prioritas utama, Ketua KTH merupakan aktor paling berpengaruh, kendala utama berupa belum optimalnya kelembagaan KTH, serta strategi prioritas yang direkomendasikan adalah penguatan kelembagaan dan tata kelola KTH untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan hutan rakyat berkelanjutan.

Community forests play a vital role in supporting local economies while preserving the ecological functions of the environment, particularly in upstream areas such as Karyasari Village, Leuwiliang Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, which help maintain water management and ecosystem balance. However, the Taruna Tani Community Forest Group (KTH) still focuses primarily on forest products with market value, while ecosystem services have not been fully accounted for. In addition, community forest management faces challenges such as suboptimal institutional capacity of the KTH, limited market access, low farmer capacity, and suboptimal utilization of ecosystem services. This study aims to estimate the total economic value of the Taruna Tani KTH’s community forest and to formulate priority strategies for sustainable community forest management. Primary data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 48 members of the Taruna Tani KTH for economic valuation analysis and to five key informants for Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis. The data were analyzed using the market price method, the benefit transfer method, and AHP. The results show that the total economic value of the community forest amounts to Rp8.149.495.644 per year, with the largest contribution coming from direct use value. The AHP analysis shows that economic aspects are the top priority, the KTH chairperson is the most influential actor, the main constraint is the suboptimal institutional structure of the KTH, and the recommended priority strategy is to strengthen the KTH’s institutional structure and governance to achieve sustainable community forest management.