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      PRODUKSI MELANIN OLEH BAKTERI Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRB 64 PADA BEBERAPA MEDIUM PERTUMBUHAN DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      RAHMANI, PUSPITASARI GITA
      Wahyudi, Aris Tri
      Prastya, M. Eka
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      Abstract
      Melanin adalah pigmen alami berupa biopolimer kompleks yang terbentuk melalui polimerisasi oksidatif senyawa fenol dan indol, serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Minat industri terhadap produksi melanin alami terus meningkat, namun tingginya biaya L-tirosin sebagai prekursor utama menjadi kendala produksi massal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CRB 64 dalam memproduksi melanin serta menentukan aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan media alternatif berbahan limbah agroindustri, yaitu ekstrak kacang kedelai, kulit melon, dan kulit semangka, yang dipilih karena berpotensi menekan biaya produksi dan lebih ramah lingkungan. Berdasarkan identifikasi molekuler, isolat CRB 64 memiliki kekerabatan terdekat dengan P. aeruginosa strain DSM 50071. Biosintesis melanin dilakukan melalui inkubasi 7 dan 14 hari; warna media semakin gelap seiring waktu inkubasi, dengan rendemen tertinggi pada hari ke-14. Spektrum UV-Vis menunjukkan puncak serapan pada wilayah UV yang menurun bertahap ke wilayah cahaya visible, dengan tingkat kemurnian berbeda antar media. Karakterisasi mengindikasikan melanin yang dihasilkan termasuk kelompok eumelanin, dengan jalur biosintesis melibatkan L-DOPA sebagai intermediat, ditunjukkan oleh peningkatan konsentrasi L-DOPA selama proses biosintesis. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH dan dinyatakan sebagai IC50. Nilai IC50 pada media tirosin, kedelai, kulit melon, dan kulit semangka berturut-turut 383,51 ± 13,22; 328,96 ± 3,96; 359,63 ± 5,44; dan 536,24 ± 17,20 µg/mL.
       
      Melanin is a naturally occurring, complex biopolymer pigment formed through the oxidative polymerization of phenolic and indolic compounds, and it exhibits antioxidant activity. Industrial interest in natural melanin production continues to grow; however, the high cost of L-tyrosine, the primary precursor for melanin synthesis, remains a major constraint to large-scale production. This study aimed to evaluate the melanin-producing capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CRB 64 and to determine the antioxidant activity of the resulting melanin using alternative media derived from agroindustrial waste namely soybean extract, melon rind, and watermelon rind selected for their potential to reduce production costs while offering a more environmentally sustainable approach. Molecular identification revealed that isolate CRB 64 is closely related to P. aeruginosa strain DSM 50071. Melanin biosynthesis was carried out over 7 and 14 day incubation periods, the medium progressively darkenedover time, with a higher melanin yield obtained on day 14. UV–Vis spectral analysis showed absorption peaks in the ultraviolet region that gradually declined toward the visible region, with varying degrees of purity among the media. Characterization results indicatedthat the melanin produced belongs to the eumelanin group, with a biosynthetic pathway involving L-DOPA as an intermediate, evidenced by increasing L-DOPA concentrations during biosynthesis. Antioxidant activity was assessed via the DPPH assay and expressed as IC50 values, which were 383.51±13.22, 328.96±3.96, 359.63±5.44, and 536.24±17.20 µg/mL for the tyrosine, soybean, melon rind, and watermelon rind media, respectively.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177105
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