Status Fungsionalitas Kelompok Masyarakat Desa Nyamuk Sebagai Mitra Pemanfaatan Perikanan di Kawasan Taman Nasional Karimunjawa

Abstract

Pengelolaan perikanan dengan pendekatan co-management memerlukan mitra kelembagaan yang berfungsi secara efektif. Pokja Kawasan Pengelolaan Desa Nyamuk (Pokja KPDN) dibentuk sebagai mitra Taman Nasional Karimunjawa dalam pengelolaan sumber daya ikan di sekitar Desa Nyamuk, namun fungsi kelembagaannya melemah setelah pendampingan Rare berakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai status fungsionalitas kelembagaan Pokja KPDN serta menganalisis faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang memengaruhinya. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terhadap 24 responden dan studi literatur, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan indikator Input–Process–Output (IPO), statistik deskriptif, dan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status fungsionalitas Pokja KPDN berada pada kategori sangat buruk dengan median skor sebesar 32,9 berdasarkan indeks yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini, didukung oleh 91,66% responden yang memberikan penilaian serupa. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa Pokja belum memiliki kapasitas kelembagaan yang memadai untuk menjalankan fungsinya secara konsisten. Faktor penghambat utama meliputi lemahnya kepemimpinan, rendahnya partisipasi anggota, lemahnya koordinasi dan komunikasi, keterbatasan anggaran operasional, serta kemitraan dengan BTNKj yang belum mendorong kemandirian kelompok. Perbaikan fungsionalitas memerlukan penguatan koordinasi dan komunikasi, penyediaan anggaran operasional, serta kemitraan dalam pelatihan dan pendampingan.

Fisheries management under a co-management approach requires effective institutional partners. The Nyamuk Village Management Area Working Group (Pokja KPDN) was established as a partner of Karimunjawa National Park to support fisheries resource management around Nyamuk Village. However, its institutional functions weakened after facilitation by Rare ended. This study assessed the institutional functional status of Pokja KPDN and analyzed the factors affecting it. Data were collected through interviews with 24 respondents and a literature review and analyzed using the Input–Process–Output (IPO) model, descriptive statistics, and thematic analysis. The results showed that the institutional functional status of Pokja KPDN was very poor, with a median score of 32.9 based on the index developed in this study. This finding was supported by 91.66% of respondents who assigned the group to the same category. The results indicate that Pokja KPDN lacks sufficient institutional capacity to perform its functions consistently. Major constraints included weak leadership, low member participation, poor coordination and communication, limited operational funding, and the partnership with Karimunjawa National Park that had not promoted institutional independence. Improving institutional functionality requires stronger coordination and communication, adequate operational funding, and partnerships for training and facilitation.