Keberlanjutan Perikanan Tuna yang Berbasis di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Cilacap Ditinjau dari Aspek Sosial Ekonomi dan Kelembagaan

Abstract

Kebutuhan pasar domestik dan ekspor komoditi ikan tuna mendorong peningkatan upaya penangkapan ikan tuna di PPS Cilacap, yang berdampak pada keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan. Kondisi ini terlihat dari fishing ground yang semakin jauh, perubahan teknologi, dan semakin sulitnya mendapatkan hasil tangkapan tuna. Keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan akan terkait erat dengan keberlanjutan dimensi lainnya yaitu dimensi sosial ekonomi dan kelembagaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai keberlanjutan perikanan tuna di PPS Cilacap pada aspek sosial ekonomi dan kelembagaan serta merumuskan rekomendasi perbaikan pengelolaannya. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner terhadap 60 responden nelayan tuna, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) yang dipadukan dengan konsep keberlanjutan Charles (2001; 2023) melalui skoring skala Likert dan analisis pohon keputusan. Hasil penilaian keberlanjutan pada aspek sosial ekonomi menunjukan pada kategori sedang (1,67), aspek kelembagaan kategori rendah (1,60). Rata-rata skor komposit keberlanjutan kategori rendah (1,64) sehingga keberlanjutan sosial ekonomi dan kelembagaan perikanan tuna memerlukan intervensi, dengan dimensi kelembagaan menjadi prioritas utama. Rekomendasi yang disusun mencakup kewajiban sertifikasi BST dan ANT-D bagi seluruh ABK sebagai syarat perpanjangan SLO, pembentukan koperasi simpan pinjam nelayan pengganti sistem kasbon, adopsi teknologi energi alternatif pada armada kapal, pembentukan forum musyawarah nelayan yang inklusif, formalisasi tradisi Jumat Kliwon sebagai voluntary closing season, serta pengembangan unit pengolahan tuna skala rumah tangga.

The domestic and export market demand for tuna commodities has driven increased fishing efforts for tuna at PPS Cilacap, which has affected the sustainability of fish resources. This condition is reflected in the expansion of fishing grounds to more distant areas, technological changes in fishing operations, and the increasing difficulty of obtaining tuna catches. The sustainability of fish resources is closely linked to the sustainability of other dimensions, namely the socio-economic and institutional dimensions. This study aimed to assess the sustainability of the tuna fishery at PPS Cilacap from socio-economic and institutional perspectives and to formulate recommendations for improving its management. Primary data were collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires administered to 60 tuna fishers, then analyzed using the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) approach in collaboration with Charles' sustainability concept (2001; 2023) through Likert-scale scoring and decision tree analysis. The sustainability assessment results showed that the socioeconomic aspect fell into the moderate category (1.67), while the institutional aspect fell into the low category (1.60). The composite average sustainability score fell into the low category (1.64), indicating that the socio-economic and institutional sustainability of the tuna fishery requires intervention, with the institutional dimension identified as the primary priority. The proposed recommendations include mandatory Basic Safety Training (BST) and ANT-D certification for all crew members as a prerequisite for the renewal of the Sailing Approval Letter (SLO), the establishment of a fishers' savings and loan cooperative to replace the informal kasbon (advance payment) system, the adoption of alternative energy technologies for fishing vessels, the establishment of an inclusive fishers' consultation forum, the formalization of the Jumat Kliwon tradition as a voluntary closing season, and the development of household-scale tuna processing units.