Evaluasi Karakter Agronomi Genotipe Sorgum F4 Hasil Persilangan Demak 4 × Soraya 3

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman genetik, heritabilitas, korelasi antarkarakter agronomi dan komponen hasil, serta menyeleksi genotipe harapan pada populasi sorgum generasi F4 hasil persilangan Demak 4 × Soraya 3. Nilai koefisien keragaman genetik (KKG) berkisar 0–17,78%, yang menunjukkan keragaman genetik berada pada kategori kecil hingga sedang. Bobot biji per malai, bobot kering malai, dan panjang malai menunjukkan heritabilitas sedang hingga tinggi dengan KKG sedang, sehingga paling prospektif sebagai kriteria seleksi. Sebaliknya, diameter batang, jumlah daun, diameter malai, panjang daun, dan bobot 1000 biji memiliki heritabilitas rendah sehingga kurang efektif dijadikan dasar seleksi pada generasi ini. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan diameter batang, jumlah daun, dan lebar daun berasosiasi positif dengan komponen hasil, sedangkan tinggi tanaman berkorelasi negatif dengan beberapa komponen hasil. Seleksi langsung berdasarkan bobot biji per malai dengan frekuensi 20% menghasilkan 82 genotipe terpilih dan meningkatkan rata-rata bobot biji per malai dari 60,06 g menjadi 81,24 g atau sebesar 35,25%.

This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and correlations among agronomic traits and yield components, as well as to select promising genotypes in the F4 sorghum population derived from a cross between Demak 4 × Soraya 3. The genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) values ranged from 0 to 17.78%, indicating that genetic diversity fell into the low to moderate category. Seed weight per panicle, panicle dry weight, and panicle length exhibited moderate to high heritability along with moderate GCV, making them the most promising traits for use as selection criteria. In contrast, stem diameter, leaf number, panicle diameter, leaf length, and 1000-seed weight showed low heritability, rendering them less effective as a basis for selection in this generation. Correlation analysis revealed that stem diameter, leaf number, and leaf width were positively associated with yield components, whereas plant height was negatively correlated with several yield components. Direct selection based on seed weight per panicle at a selection intensity of 20% resulted in 82 selected genotypes and increased the average seed weight per panicle from 60.06 g to 81.24 g, an increase of 35.25%.