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      Aplikasi Bakteri Endofit Secara In Vitro pada Bawang Putih Tawangmangu Baru untuk Peningkatan Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Layu

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Alfaridi, Yoga Alwan
      Purwito, Agus
      Kosmiatin, Mia
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      Abstract
      Bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) merupakan komoditas yang bernilai penting di lingkup masyarakat Indonesia.Salah satu permasalahan dalam budidaya bawang putih yaitu hama dan penyakit yang dapat menurunkan hasil produksi. Penyakit yang sering dijumpai yaitu layu fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Pengaplikasian bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian secara biologis yang berperan sebagai agensia hayati untuk mengurangi aktivitas patogen penyebab penyakit pada bawang putih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji ketahanan tunas bawang putih yang telah diperkaya bakteri endofit terhadap seleksi in vitro pada filtrat patogen. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal. Perlakuan dalam penelitian merupakan inokulasi bakteri yang terdiri dari beberapa jenis isolat strain yaitu 35, 36, 37, 39, E113, dan G053. Uji ketahanan dilakukan pada media seleksi yaitu media kultur bawang putih yang diberi filtrat F. oxysporum 30%. Pengamatan pertumbuhan setelah diinokulasi bakteri dan pertumbuhan pada saat dan setelah seleksi in vitro meliputi jumlah tunas, daun, dan akar, kejadian overgrowth bakteri, gejala serangan patogen serta terbentuknya umbi mikro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit mampu menekan keparahan penyakit layu fusarium dan memberikan pertumbuhan yang optimal. Bakteri strain 37 dapat menekan gejala penyakit dengan persentase terkena gejala paling sedikit yaitu 17% dan 83% tanaman dalam kondisi hidup serta pertumbuhan vegetatif yang paling baik. Bakteri strain 39 dan E113 menunjukkan juga persentase tanaman bergejala penyakit layu yang relatif kecil yaitu dibawah 50% dan pertumbuhan yang optimal.
       
      Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a valuable commodity in Indonesian society. One of the problems in garlic cultivation is pests and diseases that can reduce production yields. The disease that is often encountered is fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The application of endophytic bacteria is an alternative biological control that acts as a biological agent to reduce the activity of pathogens that cause disease in garlic. This study aims to test the resistance of garlic shoots that have been enriched with endophytic bacteria to in vitro selection on pathogen filtrate. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor. The treatment in the study was bacterial inoculation consisting of several types of strain isolates, namely 35, 36, 37, 39, E113, and G053. The resistance test was carried out on the selection medium, namely garlic culture media given 30% F. oxysporum filtrate. Observations of growth after bacterial inoculation and growth during and after in vitro selection include the number of shoots, leaves and roots., the occurrence of bacterial overgrowth, symptoms of pathogen attack and the formation of micro tubers. The results showed that endophytic bacteria were able to suppress the severity of Fusarium wilt and promote optimal growth. Bacterial strain 37 suppressed disease symptoms with the lowest percentage of affected plants (17%), with 83% of plants surviving and the best vegetative growth. Bacterial strains 39 and E113 also showed a relatively low percentage of plants with wilt symptoms, below 50% and promote optimal growth.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/176801
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      • UF - Agronomy and Horticulture [7721]

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