ANALISIS PENGHIDUPAN PETANI PADA SISTEM AGROFORESTRI DI DUSUN PALA KAWASAN TRANSMIGRASI WERI-SAHAREY KABUPATEN FAKFAK PAPUA BARAT

Abstract

Rumah tangga petani di Kawasan Transmigrasi Weri-Saharey menggantungkan penghidupan pada pala dalam sistem agroforestri tradisional. Lahan garapan mereka relatif luas, namun pendapatan musiman, infrastruktur terbatas, dan kelembagaan petani yang lemah memperbesar kerentanan. Penelitian ini menganalisis lima modal penghidupan, mengukur kerentanan rumah tangga, dan menilai kondisi iklim bagi usaha tani pala. Penelitian memakai mixed method dengan desain concurrent embedded. Data primer diperoleh dari survei 30 rumah tangga petani, wawancara 6 informan, dan observasi lapangan. Data iklim ERA5- Land dan MODIS periode 2006-2025 dipakai untuk menghitung curah hujan, suhu, kelembapan, radiasi matahari, serta kecukupan air tanaman. Pengukuran kerentanan memakai Livelihood Vulnerability Index. Nilai LVI keseluruhan 0,43 dan termasuk kategori rentan. Kerentanan tertinggi terdapat pada modal fisik sebesar 0,51, disusul modal finansial 0,49, modal manusia 0,45, modal sosial 0,37, dan modal alam 0,32. Curah hujan tahunan rata-rata 3.281,7 mm sehingga wilayah ini tergolong sangat basah. Indeks kecukupan air pala rata-rata 1,34 dengan defisit pada 2015. Lahan luas dan penguasaan ulayat belum menghasilkan penghidupan yang stabil karena akses jalan buruk, pendapatan musiman, keterampilan terbatas, dan organisasi petani lemah. Penguatan penghidupan perlu mengutamakan perbaikan aksesibilitas, diversifikasi pendapatan, pendampingan teknis, pengolahan hasil pala, dan penguatan organisasi petani.

Farmer households in the Weri-Saharey Transmigration Area depend on nutmeg grown in a traditional agroforestry system for their livelihoods. Their land is relatively extensive, but seasonal income, limited infrastructure, and weak farmer institutions raise their vulnerability. This study analyses the five livelihood capitals, measures household vulnerability, and assesses climatic conditions for nutmeg farming. The research used a mixed method with a concurrent embedded design. Primary data came from a survey of 30 farmer households, interviews with 6 key informants, and field observation. ERA5-Land and MODIS data for 2006-2025 served to calculate rainfall, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and crop water adequacy. Vulnerability was measured with the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). The overall LVI score was 0.43, which falls in the vulnerable category. Vulnerability was highest in physical capital (0.51), followed by financial (0.49), human (0.45), social (0.37), and natural capital (0.32). Mean annual rainfall was 3,281.7 mm, so the area is very wet. The nutmeg water adequacy index averaged 1.34, with a deficit in 2015. Extensive landholdings and customary tenure have not produced stable livelihoods because road access is poor, income is seasonal, skills are limited, and farmer organisations are weak. Strengthening livelihoods should prioritise accessibility, income diversification, technical assistance, nutmeg processing, and stronger farmer organisations.