Uji Daya Hasil Galur-galur Doubled Haploid Padi Sawah Multi Toleran Cekaman Abiotik

Abstract

Beras merupakan komoditas strategis bagi ketahanan pangan nasional sehingga peningkatan produksi tetap menjadi prioritas. Pengembangan varietas berdaya hasil tinggi dan toleran terhadap cekaman abiotik dapat dipercepat melalui teknik kultur antera yang menghasilkan galur doubled haploid (DH) homozigot. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi daya hasil 25 galur DH padi sawah dibandingkan dengan varietas Inpari 18, Inpari 30, dan Inpari 34. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, IPB Bogor pada Agustus– Desember 2025 menggunakan RKLT faktor tunggal dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keragaman nyata antar genotipe pada karakter agronomi dan komponen hasil. Rata-rata produktivitas galur DH (5,65 ton ha?¹) lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas pembanding (4,65 ton ha?¹). Galur GN60 menghasilkan produktivitas tertinggi (8,21 ton ha?¹). Seleksi indeks meningkatkan rata-rata produktivitas galur DH menjadi 5,84 ton ha?¹. Galur GN60 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai calon varietas unggul padi sawah.

Rice is a strategic commodity for national food security and increasing rice production remains a priority. The development of high-yielding varieties with tolerance to abiotic stresses can be accelerated through anther culture techniques, which produce homozygous doubled haploid (DH) lines. This study aimed to evaluate the yield performance of 25 DH lowland rice lines compared with the check varieties Inpari 18, Inpari 30, and Inpari 34. The experiment was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Field, IPB University, Bogor, from August to December 2025 using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed significant variation among genotypes in agronomic traits and yield components. The average yield of the DH lines (5.65 t ha?¹) was higher than that of the check varieties (4.65 t ha?¹). Line GN60 produced the highest yield (8.21 t ha?¹). Index selection increased the average yield of the DH lines to 5.84 t ha?¹. Line GN60 has potential to developed into a candidate of superior lowland rice variety.