Efektivitas Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Restoran X Dalam Menurunkan Kadar BOD dan TSS

Abstract

Peningkatan aktivitas restoran berkontribusi terhadap bertambahnya volume air limbah domestik yang mengandung berbagai parameter pencemaran berpotensi menurunkan kualitas perairan apabila tidak diolah secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) salah satu restoran modern (Restoran X) dalam menurunkan parameter BOD dan TSS, serta menilai kesesuaian efluen terhadap baku mutu air limbah domestik yang berlaku. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret-Mei 2026 di IPAL Restoran X, Tangerang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode grab sampling pada beberapa titik yang mewakili tahapan pengolahan IPAL dengan tiga kali ulangan pada hari yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IPAL Restoran X efektif dalam menurunkan konsentrasi BOD dan TSS dengan efektivitas total masing-masing sebesar 74,04% dan 99,38%. Namun demikian konsentrasi BOD pada pembuangan akhir sebesar 163,27 mg/L, masih melebihi baku mutu 30 mg/L, sedangkan konsentrasi TSS di outlet telah turun mencapai rata-rata sebesar 14,00 mg/L jauh lebih rendah dari baku mutu 30 mg/L.

The increasing activities of restaurants contribute to the growing volume of domestic wastewater containing various pollutants that may degrade water quality if not properly treated. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) at a modern restaurant (Restaurant X) in reducing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS), as well as to evaluate the compliance of the treated effluent with the applicable domestic wastewater quality standards. The study was conducted from March to May 2026 at the WWTP of Restaurant X, Tangerang. Wastewater samples were collected using the grab sampling method at several sampling points representing each treatment stage of the WWTP, with three sampling events conducted on different days. The results showed that the WWTP effectively reduced BOD and TSS concentrations, achieving overall removal efficiencies of 74.04% and 99.38%, respectively. However, the final effluent BOD concentration was 163.27 mg/L, which exceeded the applicable wastewater quality standard of 30 mg/L. In contrast, the average TSS concentration in the final effluent decreased to 14.00 mg/L, well below the applicable standard of 30 mg/L.