Kadar Total Fenolik, Total Flavonoid, dan Aktivitas Antijamur Daun Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Berbagai Aksesi Asal Kalimantan

Abstract

Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) merupakan tanaman hutan tropis yang kayunya bersifat kuat, awet, serta diketahui mengandung beberapa senyawa bioaktif. Namun, pertumbuhan yang lambat dan status konservasi yang rentan mendorong pemanfaatan daun sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid ekstrak etanol 96% daun ulin dari 10 aksesi asal Kalimantan, mengelompokkan aksesi berdasarkan profil metabolit sekunder menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU), serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans dan Aspergillus flavus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar air simplisia berkisar 8,13–9,83% dan rendemen ekstrak 5,08–31,11%. Kadar total fenolik tertinggi diperoleh pada aksesi XVI.E.197 (222,95 mg GAE/g ekstrak), sedangkan kadar total flavonoid tertinggi terdapat pada aksesi VIII.G.207 (61,12 mg QE/g ekstrak). Analisis AKU menunjukkan perbedaan antar aksesi yang terkelompok dalam tiga klaster. Beberapa aksesi menunjukkan aktivitas antijamur lemah terhadap C. albicans, dengan zona hambat tertinggi pada aksesi XVI.E.181 (2,37±0,25 mm), sedangkan seluruh ekstrak daun ulin tidak menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan terhadap A. flavus.

Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is a tropical forest plant known for its strong, durable wood and its content of various bioactive compounds. However, its slow growth and vulnerable conservation status have prompted the utilization of its leaves as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content from ethanol 96% extracts of leaves of ten ulin accessions originating from Kalimantan, to group the accessions based on their secondary metabolite profiles using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to evaluate antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that the moisture content ranged from 8,13–9,83% and the extract yield from 5,08–31,11%. The highest total phenolic content was obtained in accession XVI.E.197 (222,95 mg GAE/g extract), while the highest total flavonoid content was found in accession VIII.G.207 (61,12 mg QE/g extract). PCA analysis revealed differences among accessions, which were grouped into three clusters. Several accessions exhibited weak antifungal activity against C. albicans, with the largest inhibition zone observed in accession XVI.E.181 (2,37±0,25 mm), whereas none of the ulin leaf extracts exhibited inhibitory activity against A. flavus.