Sebaran Kawanan Ikan Karang Berdasarkan Volume Backscattering Strength Menggunakan SIMRAD EK-15 di Atol Kapota, Perairan Wakatobi

Abstract

Volume Backscattering Strength (SV) merupakan parameter akustik yang menggambarkan intensitas hamburbalik gelombang suara dari target di kolom perairan untuk mengidentifikasi kawanan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan distribusi spasial kawanan ikan berdasarkan nilai SV serta menganalisis hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan di perairan Atol Kapota, Wakatobi. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan SIMRAD EK-15 Single Beam Echosounder frekuensi 200 kHz serta data suhu, salinitas, kedalaman, dan kecepatan arus dari Marine Copernicus. Nilai SV kawanan ikan berkisar antara -59,92 hingga -34,57 dB yang menunjukkan variasi kepadatan kawanan ikan. Distribusi kawanan ikan tidak merata dan terkonsentrasi di area laguna serta tepian. Analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) menunjukkan bahwa parameter lingkungan memiliki hubungan yang lemah terhadap distribusi kawanan ikan berdasarkan nilai SV.

Volume Backscattering Strength (SV) is an acoustic parameter that describes the intensity of the scattering of sound waves from the target in the water column to identify the fish swarm. This study aims to identify the characteristics and spatial distribution of fish flocks based on SV values and analyze their relationship with environmental parameters in the waters of Kapota Atoll, Wakatobi. Data were collected using the SIMRAD EK-15 Single Beam Echosounder with a frequency of 200 kHz as well as temperature, salinity, depth, and current velocity data from Marine Copernicus. The SV value of the fish flock ranges from -59.92 to -34.57 dB which indicates variations in the density of the fish flock. The distribution of fish flocks is uneven and concentrated in the lagoon area and banks. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that environmental parameters had a weak relationship with the distribution of fish flocks based on SV values.