Eksplorasi Profil Gen Resistensi Antibiotik pada Mikrobiom Tanah Hutan Arboretum IPB dengan Pendekatan Whole Metagenome

Abstract

Tanah ekosistem hutan merupakan reservoir gen resistensi antibiotik (ARGs) alami yang menyimpan diversitas genetik tinggi dari komunitas mikroba tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan struktur komunitas mikroba, profil gen fungsional, serta karakteristik resistom mikrobiom tanah Arboretum IPB menggunakan pendekatan whole metagenome sequencing (WMS). Berdasarkan analisis taksonomi yang dilakukan, hasil menunjukkan adanya dominasi kuat dari filum Actinomycetota dan Pseudomonadota, dengan Streptomyces dan Bradyrhizobium sebagai genus paling melimpah. Rekonstruksi genom memulihkan 12 Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs), didominasi Acidobacteria dan Chloroflexi menunjukkan kapasitas tinggi dalam degradasi karbohidrat kompleks, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), serta metabolisme hidrogen dan besi. Profiling resistensi antibiotik (ARGs) menemukan sebaran kelas multidrug, tetrasiklin, fluorokuinolon, dan lainnya lintas filum bakteri.

Forest ecosystem soils serve as natural reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), harboring a high genetic diversity of microbial communities. This study aims to determine the community structure, functional gene profiles, and the resistome of the soil microbiome in the Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry and Environment at IPB University using a whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) approach. Taxonomic analysis identified the dominance of the phyla Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota, with Streptomyces and Bradyrhizobium being the most abundant genera. Genome reconstruction recovered 12 Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs), dominated by Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi, which exhibited high capacities for complex carbohydrate degradation, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), as well as hydrogen and iron metabolism. Antibiotic resistance (ARG) profiling revealed the distribution of multidrug, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, and other classes across various bacterial phyla.