Kombinasi Ekstrak Air Sirih Hijau dan Teh Putih sebagai Antioksidan dan Inhibitor Enzim Asetilkolinesterase Menggunakan Simplex Lattice Design

Abstract

Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif yang prevalensinya meningkat pada usia lanjut, sedangkan terapi donepezil masih bersifat simptomatik sehingga sirih hijau dan teh putih berpotensi dikaji sebagai antioksidan dan inhibitor asetilkolinesterase. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh proporsi ekstrak air kedua tanaman terhadap parameter fitokimia, kapasitas antioksidan, dan inhibisi asetilkolinesterase (AChE), serta memperoleh formula optimum menggunakan simplex lattice design. Setiap formula diuji terhadap kadar fenolik total (TPC), kadar flavonoid total (TFC), kapasitas antioksidan menggunakan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), inhibisi pembentukan malondialdehida (MDA), serta inhibisi AChE. Hasil tertinggi secara umum diperoleh pada ekstrak air teh putih tunggal, yaitu TPC 465,69 mg GAE/g, TFC 8,09 mg QE/g, kapasitas antioksidan DPPH dan FRAP berturut-turut 2.634,71 dan 3.779,20 µmol TE/g, inhibisi MDA 89,06%, serta inhibisi AChE 69,29%. Formula optimum diprediksi mengandung 0,310% ekstrak air sirih hijau dan 99,690% ekstrak air teh putih dengan nilai desirability 0,996.

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder increasingly prevalent with age, while donepezil provides only symptomatic relief; therefore, green betel and white tea warrant investigation as antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This study analyzed the effects of different proportions of the two aqueous extracts on phytochemical parameters, antioxidant capacity, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and determined the optimum formulation using a simplex lattice design. Each formulation was evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA), and AChE inhibition. White tea extract alone generally yielded the highest responses: TPC 465.69 mg GAE/g, TFC 8.09 mg QE/g, DPPH and FRAP antioxidant capacities of 2,634.71 and 3,779.20 µmol TE/g, respectively, MDA formation inhibition of 89.06%, and AChE inhibition of 69.29%. The predicted optimum formulation contained 0.310% green betel aqueous extract and 99.690% white tea aqueous extract, with a desirability value of 0.996.