Aktivitas Antimalaria Ekstrak Bakteri Simbion Invertebrata Laut terhadap Plasmodium berghei Resistan Atovaquone secara Ex Vivo

Abstract

Kemunculan parasit resistan obat menjadi hambatan utama pengendalian malaria, sehingga diperlukan penemuan kandidat obat antimalaria baru melalui eksplorasi bakteri laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antimalaria 12 kandidat ekstrak bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan invertebrata laut terhadap parasit Plasmodium berghei resistan obat antimalaria atovaquone secara ex vivo. Pengujian dilakukan secara ex vivo menggunakan reagen SYBR Green I dan dianalisis dengan varioscan plate reader. Hasil menunjukkan lima ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antimalaria sangat baik dengan nilai IC50 = 5 µg/mL, yaitu B.10.1.8 (0,011 µg/mL), B.AI.12A (0,283 µg/mL), A.ZA.13 (0,215 µg/mL), A.SC.36A (0,701 µg/mL), dan A.SC.47A (1,015 µg/mL). Tujuh ekstrak lainnya tidak aktif karena memiliki persentase inhibisi < 50% sehingga nilai IC50 tidak terdeteksi. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah lima dari 12 ekstrak bakteri simbion invertebrata laut memiliki aktivitas antimalaria sangat baik terhadap Plasmodium berghei resistan atovaquone, dengan sampel B.10.1.8 sebagai kandidat terbaik karena memiliki nilai IC50 terendah.

The emergence of drug-resistant parasites has become a major challenge in malaria control, highlighting the urgent need to discover novel antimalarial drug candidates through the exploration of marine bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of 12 candidate extracts derived from bacteria associated with marine invertebrates against Plasmodium berghei resistant to the antimalarial drug atovaquone using an ex vivo assay. The antimalarial activity was assessed ex vivo using the SYBR Green I assay, and fluorescence was measured with a Varioskan plate reader. The results showed that five extracts exhibited excellent antimalarial activity, with IC50 values = 5 µg/mL: B.10.1.8 (0.011 µg/mL), B.AI.12A (0.283 µg/mL), A.ZA.13 (0.215 µg/mL), A.SC.36A (0.701 µg/mL), and A.SC.47A (1.015 µg/mL). The remaining seven extracts were considered inactive because they produced less than 50% inhibition, resulting in undetectable IC50 values. In conclusion, five of the 12 bacterial extracts associated with marine invertebrates demonstrated excellent antimalarial activity against atovaquoneresistant Plasmodium berghei, with sample B.10.1.8 identified as the most promising candidate due to its lowest IC50 value.