Strategi Pengembangan Agribisnis Komoditas Unggulan Tanaman Pangan di Kawasan Transmigrasi Kerang Kabupaten Paser

Abstract

Produksi jagung di Kalimantan Timur turun lebih dari 60% sepanjang 2020–2024 di tengah peningkatan target pangan nasional, menjadikan Kawasan Transmigrasi Kerang, Kabupaten Paser sebagai penyangga pangan Ibu Kota Nusantara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan komoditas unggulan tanaman pangan, memprioritaskan strategi pengembangan, serta menilai kelayakan finansial usahatani sebelum dan sesudah penerapan strategi prioritas. Metode diterapkan berurutan Location Quotient (LQ) dan Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) pada data luas panen 2020–2024, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan lima pakar, serta rasio R/C dan rasio B/C terhadap 30 petani. Jagung (Zea mays L.) ditetapkan sebagai satu-satunya komoditas unggulan LQ 10,778 di Batu Engau dan 4,396 di Tanjung Harapan; DLQ 0,961 dan 0,313 mengindikasikan perlunya intervensi strategis. Subsistem hulu 35,5% menjadi faktor paling kritis dengan tiga strategi prioritas berbobot kumulatif 74,3% yaitu penguatan akses sarana produksi 28,8%, peningkatan produktivitas melalui teknologi budidaya 27,7%, dan peningkatan akses permodalan 17,8%. Usahatani jagung layak secara finansial rasio R/C 1,92 dan rasio B/C 0,92; simulasi strategi prioritas melalui RDKK menurunkan biaya 47,3% dan meningkatkan rasio R/C menjadi 3,65 serta rasio B/C menjadi 2,65.

Corn production in East Kalimantan declined more than 60% during 2020–2024 amid rising national food targets, positioning the Kerang Transmigration Area, Paser Regency as a food buffer for Indonesia's new capital, Nusantara. This study aimed to identify the leading food crop, prioritize agribusiness development strategies, and assess farm financial feasibility before and after priority-strategy implementation. Sequential methods were applied Location Quotient (LQ) and Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ) on 2020–2024 harvested-area data, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with five experts, and R/C ratio and B/C ratio on 30 farmers. Corn (Zea mays L.) was established as the sole leading commodity LQ 10,778 in Batu Engau and 4,396 in Tanjung Harapan; DLQ values of 0,961 and 0,313 indicated the need for strategic intervention. The upstream subsystem 35,5% emerged as the most critical factor, with three priority strategies of 74,3% cumulative weight strengthening access to production inputs 28,8%, improving productivity through cultivation technology 27,7%, and improving farm financing access 17,8%. Corn farming proved financially feasible R/C ratio 1,92 and B/C ratio 0,92; RDKK-based simulation of the priority strategy reduced total costs by 47,3% and raised R/C ratio to 3,65 and B/C ratio to 2,65.