Pengkajian Perikanan Jaring Rampus di Desa Sinarlaut Kabupaten Cianjur

Abstract

Perikanan jaring rampus di Desa Sinarlaut merupakan sumber mata pencaharian utama nelayan kecil di Kabupaten Cianjur yang belum banyak dikaji secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan unit penangkapan, mengidentifikasi hasil tangkapan, menganalisis sistem bagi hasil, dan menghitung pendapatan nelayan jaring rampus di Desa Sinarlaut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2026 melalui wawancara dan observasi langsung menggunakan metode sensus dan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan unit penangkapan jaring rampus beroperasi secara one-day fishing menggunakan kapal fiberglass berukuran < 3 GT dan 3 GT dengan mata jaring 2–4 inci. Hasil tangkapan dominan adalah ikan layur, manyung, dan tenggiri dengan puncak produksi pada musim peralihan II (September–November). Sistem bagi hasil dilakukan setelah pengurangan biaya operasional, dengan porsi 30% untuk pemilik kapal, tekong dan anak buah kapal (ABK) 55%, serta pembawa batu 10%. Pendapatan bersih kapal 3 GT sebesar Rp58.798.800 per tahun lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kapal < 3 GT sebesar Rp54.742.644 per tahun. Perbedaan ukuran kapal memengaruhi produktivitas tangkapan dan pendapatan nelayan jaring rampus di Desa Sinarlaut.

The bottom gillnet fishery in Sinarlaut Village is the primary livelihood for small fisher in Cianjur Regency and has not received comprehensive research. This study aims to describe the fishing units, identify the catch, analyze the profitsharing system, and calculate the income of bottom gillnet fisher in Sinarlaut Village. The study was conducted in April 2026 through interviews and direct observation using the cencus and snowball sampling method The results of the study show that the bottom net fishing unit operates effectively one-day fishing using a ship fiberglass < 3 GT and 3 GT with 2–4 inch mesh sizes. The dominant catch is Trichiurus sp, Netuma sp, and Scomberomorus sp. with peak production in the second transition season (September–November). The profit-sharing system is implemented after deducting operational costs, with a portion of 30% for the vessel owner, 55% for the captain and crew, and 10% for the stone carrier. The net income of 3 GT vessels is Rp58,798,800 per year, higher than that of vessels < 3 GT, which is Rp54,742,644 per year. Differences in vessel size affect the catch productivity and income of bottom gillnet fisher in Sinarlaut Village.