Identifikasi Karakter Morfo-Agronomi Beberapa Genotipe Kacang Gude (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth)

Abstract

Kacang gude merupakan tanaman kacang-kacangan yang berpotensi sebagai pangan sumber protein dan pakan alternatif. Namun pemanfaatannya masih sangat terbatas di Indonesia karena varietas dan benih unggul yang belum tersedia. Pengembangan varietas melalui pemuliaan tanaman dimulai dari koleksi dan karakteristik plasma nutfah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi keragaman karakter morfologi dan agronomi beberapa genotipe kacang gude lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan September 2025 hingga bulan Januari 2026 menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan faktor tunggal (genotipe). Materi genetik terdiri atas 11 genotipe uji dengan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan meliputi karakter morfologi dan agronomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat keragaman genotipe uji pada karakter kuantitatif, seperti tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, umur panen polong kering, bobot per polong kering, dan bobot 100 biji. Genotipe Tangerang 2 dan Indramayu 3 unggul pada karakter komponen hasil, Tangerang 3 memiliki umur panen paling genjah, dan Wonogiri 1 kuning memiliki karakter pertumbuhan yang kerdil namun memiliki ekspresi pigmentasi antosianin yang khas. Keragaman karakter kualitatif juga ditemukan pada bentuk daun, warna bunga, bentuk polong, pola warna polong, warna biji, dan pola warna biji.

Pigeonpea is a legume crop with potential as a protein source and alternative forage. However, its utilization in Indonesia remains limited due to the lack of improved varieties and quality seeds. Variety development through plant breeding begins with germplasm collection and characterization. This study aimed to obtain information on the diversity of morphological and agronomic characters among several local pigeonpea genotypes. The research was conducted at the Leuwikopo Experimental Field, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, from September 2025 to January 2026 using a randomized complete block design with a single factor, namely genotype. The genetic materials consisted of 11 tested genotypes with three replications. Observations included morphological and agronomic characters. The results showed variability among the tested genotypes in quantitative characters, including plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, dry pod harvesting age, dry pod weight, and 100-seed weight. Tangerang 2 and Indramayu 3 showed superior performance in yield component characters, while Tangerang 3 exhibited the earliest maturity. Wonogiri 1 kuning exhibit a dwarf growth habit yet display a distinctive expression of anthocyanin pigmentation. Variability in qualitative characters was also observed in leaf shape, flower color, pod shape, pod color pattern, seed color, and seed color pattern.