Studi Adaptabilitas Jagung Hibrida IPB di Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Abstract

Permintaan jagung yang terus meningkat menuntut ketersediaan varietas unggul yang adaptif dan berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi adaptabilitas 90 jagung hibrida IPB di Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak augmented dengan enam varietas pembanding yang diulang dalam tiga blok. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, yang dilanjutkan dengan uji t-Dunnett terhadap rata-rata pembanding. Analisis nilai daya gabung dan resiprokal dilakukan berdasarkan metode 3 Griffing, sedangkan seleksi multikarakter dilakukan dengan metode MGIDI (multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik yang nyata hampir pada seluruh karakter yang diamati. Tetua L53, B4B, dan P10 memiliki daya gabung umum yang baik untuk produktivitas, sedangkan kombinasi seperti L26×P10, H1×L26, serta H1×L27 menunjukkan daya gabung khusus yang tinggi untuk karakter tersebut. Seleksi MGIDI mengidentifikasi 14 hibrida unggul. Dua hibrida diantaranya, L26×P10 dan L15×L53 memiliki produktivitas 12,37 ton ha?¹ dan 13,53 ton ha?¹, yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan rata-rata pembanding 10,01 ton ha?¹ . Tiga hibrida lainnya, P10×L26, P10×L27, dan L27×P10 menunjukkan performa yang relatif seimbang pada dua faktor utama hasil analisis MGIDI. Hibrida-hibrida tersebut dapat diuji di lokasi lingkungan lain untuk mempelajari potensinya pada kondisi yang berbeda.

The increasing demand for maize requires the development of high-yielding and well-adapted varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability of 90 IPB hybrids maize in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The experiment was arranged using an augmented randomized complete block design, with six check varieties replicated across three blocks. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Dunnett’s test for comparison with check means. Analysis of the value of the combined and reciprocal ability is done based on Griffing's method 3, and multi-trait selection was conducted using the multi-trait genotype-ideotype disatance index (MGIDI). The results revealed significant genetic variability for all observed traits. The parental lines L53, B4B, and P10 exhibited good general combining ability for productivity, while combinations such as L26×P10, H1×L26, and H1×L27 showed high specific combining ability for this trait. MGIDI selection identified 14 superior hybrids. Two of these, L26×P10 and L15×L53 achieved productivities of 12.37 ton ha?¹ and 13.53 ton ha?¹ which were not significantly different from the mean yield of the check varieties (10.01 t ha?¹). Three other hybrids, P10×L26, P10×L27, and L27×P10 exhibited relatively balanced performance across the two principal factors identified by the MGIDI analysis. These hybrids warrant further evaluation across diverse environments to assess their performance and adaptation under different growing conditions.