Evaluasi Produktivitas Jagung Hibrida IPB pada Kondisi Agroekologi di Cibeureum, Sukabumi.

Abstract

Produktivitas jagung hibrida perlu ditingkatkan melalui pemuliaan tanaman ke arah performa agronomi baik dan potensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karakter agronomi dan produktivitas jagung hibrida IPB pada kondisi lingkungan di Cibeureum, Sukabumi. Penelitian menggunakan 90 genotipe hibrida hasil persilangan dialel metode 3 Griffing dan enam varietas pembanding. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak augmented dengan tiga ulangan untuk varietas pembanding. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam, daya gabung, korelasi, analisis komponen utama (PCA), dan multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik pada beberapa karakter agronomi dan hasil. Genotipe L15×P42 menghasilkan produktivitas tertinggi sebesar 9,46 ton ha-¹. Galur L15, L27, dan P42 memiliki daya gabung umum positif untuk produktivitas, sedangkan kombinasi H1×L53 dan L15×P42 menunjukkan daya gabung khusus yang tinggi untuk karakter tersebut. Bobot per tongkol, diameter tongkol, dan bobot 1000 biji berkorelasi positif sangat nyata dengan produktivitas. Analisis MGIDI mengidentifikasi P10×L15 dan H1×L53 sebagai genotipe yang paling mendekati ideotipe. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar seleksi tetua dan pengembangan calon varietas jagung hibrida berdaya hasil tinggi.

Hybrid maize productivity needs to be increased through the selection of superior genotypes with good agronomic performance and yield components. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and productivity of IPB hybrid maize under agroecological conditions in Cibeureum, Sukabumi. The study involved 90 hybrid genotypes resulting from diallel crosses following the 3 Griffing method and six check varieties. The experiment was arranged in an augmented randomized complete block design with three replications for the check varieties. Data analyses included analysis of variance, combining ability, correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI). The results showed genetic variability in several agronomic and yield-related traits. The L15×P42 genotype exhibited the highest productivity of 9,46 tons ha-¹. The L15, L27, and P42 lines showed positive general combining ability for productivity, while the H1×L53 and L15×P42 combinations indicated high specific combining ability for this trait. Ear weight, ear diameter, and 1000-seed weight were positively and significantly correlated with productivity. MGIDI analysis identified P10×L15 and H1×L53 as the genotypes closest to the ideotype. The results of this study can be used as a basis for parent selection and the development of potential high-yielding hybrid maize varieties.