Struktur Komunitas Ikan Terumbu pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Berdasarkan Zona Kawasan Konservasi di Perairan Liukang Tangaya, Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Ikan terumbu merupakan kelompok ikan yang berasosiasi erat dengan ekosistem terumbu karang dan memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekologi laut. Perairan Liukang Tangaya, Sulawesi Selatan, telah ditetapkan sebagai Kawasan Konservasi Perairan dengan sistem zonasi mencakup Zona Inti, pemanfaatan, dan rehabilitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur komunitas ikan terumbu berdasarkan zonasi kawasan konservasi di Perairan Liukang Tangaya. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan September hingga Oktober 2025 di 26 stasiun pengamatan pada kedalaman 5 – 7 meter menggunakan metode Underwater Visual Census (UVC). Tercatat sebanyak 254 spesies dari 34 famili ikan terumbu di seluruh area pengamatan. Zona Inti memiliki kelimpahan dan biomassa tertinggi di seluruh area pengamatan. Hasil uji statistik ANOVA, kelimpahan Zona Inti dengan rehabilitasi berbeda signifikan a (0,05) > p-value (0,02), sedangkan biomassa tidak berbeda signifikan antarzona p-value (0,07). Kelimpahan ikan terumbu didominasi oleh ikan mayor dari famili Pomacentridae dan Labridae, sementara biomassa didominasi ikan target dari keluarga Caesionidae dan Acanthuridae. Berdasarkan trofik level, planktivore mendominasi seluruh zona dengan proporsi 56 – 68%. Indeks ekologi menunjukkan keanekaragaman tinggi (H' = 2,88 – 3,02), keseragaman tinggi (E = 0,76 – 0,80), dan dominansi rendah (C = 0,09 – 0,11), mengindikasikan komunitas ikan terumbu dalam kondisi relatif stabil.

Reef fish are a group of fish closely associated with coral reef ecosystems and play an important role in maintaining marine ecological balance. The waters of Liukang Tangaya, South Sulawesi, have been designated as a Marine Protected Area with a zonation system comprising core, utilization, and rehabilitation zones. This study aimed to analyze the reef fish community structure across these zones in the Liukang Tangaya waters. Data collection was conducted from September to October 2025 at 26 observation stations at a depth of 5 – 7 meters using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. A total of 254 reef fish species from 34 families were recorded across the study area. The core zone exhibited the highest mean values for both abundance and biomass. One-way ANOVA statistical tests revealed that the abundance between the core and rehabilitation zones differed significantly (a = 0,05 > p-value = 0,02), whereas biomass showed no significant difference among the three zones (p-value = 0,07). In terms of functional roles, the highest abundance was recorded in major fish groups from the families Pomacentridae and Labridae, while the highest estimated biomass was observed in target fish groups from the families Caesionidae and Acanthuridae. Based on trophic levels, planktivores constituted the highest proportion across all zones, ranging from 56% to 68%. Ecological indices indicated high diversity (H' = 2,88 – 3,02), high uniformity (E = 0,76 – 0,80), and low dominance (C = 0,09 – 0,11), indicating that the reef fish community is in a relatively stable condition.