Kesesuaian Konstruksi Utama Kapal Kayu terhadap Ketentuan BKI: Studi Kasus di Galangan Deppaewa Boat, Bulukumba

Abstract

Pembangunan kapal kayu tradisional umumnya masih mengandalkan pengalaman empiris pengrajin sehingga kesesuaiannya terhadap standar konstruksi perlu dievaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kondisi dan ukuran elemen konstruksi utama kapal kayu yang dibangun di Galangan Deppaewa Boat serta menganalisis kesesuaiannya terhadap ketentuan Rules for Wooden Ships Volume VI Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) Tahun 2023. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode studi kasus melalui observasi lapang, pengukuran langsung, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Analisis dilakukan dengan membandingkan dimensi aktual konstruksi kapal terhadap persyaratan minimum BKI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapal yang diteliti merupakan kapal kayu pengangkut barang dan ikan tipe monohull dengan dimensi utama panjang 27,40 m, lebar 7,01 m, tinggi 2,70 m, dan sarat 1,50 m. Material konstruksi didominasi kayu ulin yang memenuhi persyaratan BKI, sedangkan kayu jati pada gading-gading belum memenuhi persyaratan massa jenis minimum. Kesesuaian konstruksi menunjukkan bahwa penampang gading dan jarak antar gading memenuhi standar BKI, sedangkan lunas, linggi haluan, linggi buritan, galar balok, galar kim, dan kulit luar belum memenuhi persyaratan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi kapal masih didominasi pendekatan empiris sehingga belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan standar BKI.

Traditional wooden shipbuilding generally relies on the empirical experience of shipbuilders; therefore, its compliance with construction standards needs to be evaluated. This study aimed to describe the condition and dimensions of the main structural elements of a wooden vessel constructed at Deppaewa Boatyard and to analyze their compliance with the Rules for Wooden Ships, Volume VI, issued by the Indonesian Classification Bureau (BKI) in 2023. The research employed a case study approach through field observations, direct measurements, documentation, and interviews. The analysis was conducted by comparing the actual structural dimensions of the vessel with the minimum requirements specified by the BKI Rules. The results showed that the vessel examined is a wooden cargo vessel used for transporting general cargo and fishery products, with a monohull configuration and principal dimensions of 27.40 m in length, 7.01 m in breadth, 2.70 m in depth, and 1.50 m in draft. The vessel's structural components were predominantly constructed from ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri), which complied with the BKI requirements, whereas the teak (Tectona grandis) used for the frames did not satisfy the minimum density requirement. The structural assessment indicated that the frame section dimensions and frame spacing complied with the BKI standards, while the keel, stem, sternpost, deck beam, side beam, and hull planking did not meet the prescribed requirements. These findings indicate that the vessel construction process is still predominantly based on empirical practices and has not yet fully complied with the BKI standards.