Penapisan Aktivitas Inhibisi Enzim a-Glukosidase dan Antioksidan pada Ekstrak Tanaman Obat Asal Taman Nasional Meru Betiri

Abstract

Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman hayati tinggi yang berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif, termasuk antioksidan dan antidiabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan dan potensi inhibisi enzim a-glukosidase dari ekstrak metanol tanaman obat asal Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. Sebanyak 62 ekstrak sampel tanaman obat diuji menggunakan metode skrining KLT-bioautografi untuk deteksi aktivitas inhibisi enzim a-glukosidase, penentuan kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid, serta uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH, FRAP, dan ABTS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 62 sampel, diperoleh 10 sampel aktif yang mampu menghambat enzim a-glukosidase dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat. Sampel MB 4 (Diospyros cauliflora Blume) menunjukkan potensi paling tinggi sebagai agen antidiabetes dengan hasil yang konsisten pada berbagai parameter, meskipun kadar flavonoidnya relatif rendah. Aktivitas tersebut diduga dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan senyawa naftokuinon sebagai metabolit khas. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman obat di kawasan tersebut berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber bahan baku obat antidiabetes serta mendukung pemanfaatan berkelanjutan sumber daya hayati lokal.

Indonesia possesses high biodiversity that holds potential as a source of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants and antidiabetic agents. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity and a-glucosidase inhibitory potential of metanol extracts from medicinal plants originating from Meru Betiri National Park. A total of 62 medicinal plant extract samples were tested using TLC-bioautography screening to detect a-glucosidase inhibitory activity, determine total phenolic and flavonoid content, and assess antioxidant activity using the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods. The results showed that out of 62 samples, 10 active samples were identified that could inhibit the a-glucosidase enzyme and have very strong antioxidant activity. Sample MB 4 (Diospyros cauliflora Blume) showed the highest potential as an antidiabetic agent with consistent results across various parameters, despite its relatively low flavonoid content. This activity is believed to be influenced by the presence of naphthoquinone compounds as characteristic metabolites. These findings indicate that medicinal plants in the region have the potential to be developed as a source of natural compounds for antioxidant and antidiabetic therapies and support the sustainable use of local biological resources.