Stasus Kualitas Air DAS Sunter Meggunakan Pendekatan Indeks Pencemaran (IP) dan CCME-WQI

Abstract

DAS Sunter merupakan sungai perkotaan di Jakarta yang mengalami tekanan pencemaran akibat aktivitas domestik dan industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan status kualitas air DAS Sunter secara spasial dan temporal pada tahun 2015, 2019, dan 2024 menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP) dan CCME-WQI. Data sekunder dari Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta diperoleh pada 16 titik pemantauan dengan parameter TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, pH, minyak dan lemak, serta MBAS yang dibandingkan dengan baku mutu kelas II sesuai PP No. 22 Tahun 2021. Hasil analisis IP menunjukkan status air berkisar antara cemar ringan hingga cemar sedang (IP = 0,51-9,74), dengan degradasi spasial yang semakin meluas dari 2015 hingga 2024, terutama di segmen hilir. Berdasarkan musim, kondisi terburuk terjadi pada musim peralihan (9,74) dan terbaik pada musim kemarau (0,51). CCME-WQI menunjukkan tren peningkatan dari kategori poor (28,62-30,62) pada 2015 menjadi poor hingga marginal (43,38-62,24) pada 2024. Parameter BOD, COD, dan TSS secara konsisten melampaui baku mutu. Secara umum, kualitas air DAS Sunter masih tergolong berisiko sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan terpadu dan berkelanjutan.

The Sunter Watershed is an urban river system in Jakarta that is subjected to pollution from domestic and industrial activities. This study analyzed the spatial and temporal changes in water quality in 2015, 2019, and 2024 using the Pollution Index (PI) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI). Secondary data were obtained from the Jakarta Environmental Agency at 16 monitoring stations, including total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, oil and grease, and methylene blue active substances (MBAS), and were evaluated against the Class II water quality standards of Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. The PI results indicated water quality ranging from lightly to moderately polluted (PI = 0.51-9.74), with pollution becoming more widespread from 2015 to 2024, particularly in the downstream area. Seasonally, the highest pollution level occurred during the transitional season (PI = 9.74), while the lowest was observed during the dry season (PI = 0.51). The CCME-WQI showed an improving trend from poor (28.62-30.62) in 2015 to poor-marginal (43.38-62.24) in 2024. However, BOD, COD, and TSS consistently exceeded the water quality standards, indicating that the Sunter Watershed remains vulnerable to pollution and requires integrated and sustainable water quality management.