Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Model Kolam Bundar (Studi Kasus: Instalasi Guntung, Bangka Tengah)

Abstract

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan perikanan budidaya yang berperan penting dalam mendukung perekonomian wilayah pesisir, termasuk di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Namun, kegiatan budidaya masih dihadapkan pada berbagai permasalahan, seperti tingginya biaya operasional hingga timbulnya limbah budidaya yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas lingkungan pesisir. Kondisi tersebut menuntut adanya sistem pengelolaan usaha budidaya yang tidak hanya berorientasi pada peningkatan produksi, tetapi juga efisiensi ekonomi dan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kelayakan nonfinansial usaha budidaya udang vaname di Instalasi Guntung, menganalisis kelayakan finansial dan ekonomi menggunakan indikator NPV, Net B/C, Gross B/C, IRR, dan PP, serta menyusun model bisnis usaha budidaya udang vaname. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek nonfinansial, seperti pasar dan teknis dinyatakan layak, meskipun terdapat beberapa tantangan pada aspek ekonomi terkait keterbatasan tenaga kerja lokal. Analisis kelayakan finansial dan ekonomi melalui dua skenario menunjukkan bahwa usaha ini layak dijalankan. Berdasarkan pendekatan Business Model Canvas (BMC), model bisnis yang sesuai untuk pengembangan usaha budidaya dipengaruhi oleh pemanfaatan teknologi, penguatan kemitraan, serta pemanfaatan sumber daya secara optimal.

Vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a leading aquaculture commodity that plays a vital role in supporting the economy of coastal areas, including Central Bangka Regency. However, aquaculture activities still face various challenges, such as high operational costs and the generation of aquaculture waste that has the potential to degrade the quality of the coastal environment. This condition demands a cultivation business management system that is oriented not only towards increasing production, but also towards economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study aims to identify the non-financial feasibility of whiteleg shrimp cultivation in the Guntung Installation, analyze the financial and economic feasibility using NPV, Net B/C, Gross B/C, IRR, and PP indicators, and develop a business model for whiteleg shrimp cultivation. The results show that non-financial aspects, such as market and technical aspects, are declared feasible, although there are several challenges in the economic aspect related to limited local labor. Financial and economic feasibility analysis through two scenarios indicates that this business is feasible. Based on the Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach, the appropriate business model for aquaculture development is influenced by the use of technology, strengthening partnerships, and optimal utilization of resources.