Perbandingan Performa Renang Ikan Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Sirip Pendek dengan Sirip Kumpay

Abstract

Ikan koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) sirip pendek dan kumpay merupakan komoditas ikan hias bernilai tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pola renang, mengukur kemampuan renang (swimming speed dan swimming endurance), serta efektivitas sirip ekor melalui tail beat frequency (TBF) pada kedua varietas. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan mini flume tank dengan 20 ekor ikan tiap varietas (TL 7–14 cm) di Laboratorium Tingkah Laku Ikan, IPB. Pola renang direkam video (23 fps) dan dianalisis dengan Shotcut dan CorelDraw mengacu Lindsey (1978). Hasil menunjukkan pola renang kedua varietas adalah carangiform. Sirip kumpay unggul pada semua kategori kecepatan (sustained =0,45 TL/s; prolonged 0,46–0,94 TL/s; burst =0,95 TL/s) dibanding sirip pendek (sustained =0,29 TL/s; prolonged 0,30–0,45 TL/s; burst =0,46 TL/s). Swimming endurance berbanding terbalik dengan swimming speed mengikuti model regresi power (sirip pendek y=3710,6x?°·58¹, R²=0,448; kumpay y=7035,8x?°·³47, R²=0,3332), yang menunjukkan peningkatan kecepatan diikuti penurunan daya tahan akibat meningkatnya kebutuhan energi dan metabolisme. Sirip kumpay mampu berenang hingga 0,95 TL/s pada log endurance 98,03 s², sedangkan sirip pendek hanya 0,46 TL/s pada 69,84 s². Efektivitas sirip ekor kumpay lebih tinggi (caudal index 27% dibanding 46%; R² TBF-kecepatan 0,843 dibanding 0,8134; frekuensi kibasan 6,5 dibanding 7,6 Tb/s). Simpulannya, morfologi sirip kumpay memberikan efektivitas dan kemampuan renang lebih tinggi, sehingga dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan ikan koi.

Koi fish (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) short-fin and long-fin koi (locally known as kumpay-fin) varieties are high-value ornamental fish commodities. This study aimed to identify swimming patterns, measure swimming ability (swimming speed and swimming endurance), and evaluate caudal fin effectiveness through tail beat frequency (TBF) in both varieties. The experimental research was conducted using a mini flume tank with 20 fish of each variety (TL 7–14 cm) at the Fish Behavior Laboratory, IPB University. Swimming patterns were recorded on video (23 fps) and analyzed using Shotcut and CorelDraw software following Lindsey (1978). The results showed that the swimming pattern of both varieties was carangiform. Long-fin was superior in all speed categories (sustained =0.45 TL/s; prolonged 0.46–0.94 TL/s; burst =0.95 TL/s) compared to short-fin (sustained =0.29 TL/s; prolonged 0.30–0.45 TL/s; burst =0.46 TL/s). Swimming endurance was inversely proportional to swimming speed following power regression models (short-fin y=3710.6x?°·58¹, R²=0.448; long-fin y=7035.8x?°·³47, R²=0.3332), indicating that increased speed led to decreased endurance due to higher energy demand and metabolic rate. Long-fin could swim up to 0.95 TL/s at log endurance 98.03 s², while short-fin only reached 0.46 TL/s at 69.84 s². Caudal fin effectiveness of long-fin was higher (caudal index 27% vs 46%; R² TBF-speed 0.843 vs 0.8134; tail beat frequency 6.5 vs 7.6 Tb/s). In conclusion, the morphology of long-fin provides higher effectiveness and swimming ability, thus can serve as a basis for koi fish development.