Keragaan Hasil Galur-Galur Sorgum Persilangan Numbu × Samurai 2

Abstract

Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai pangan alternatif karena memiliki adaptasi luas dan kandungan nutrisi yang baik, namun produktivitas sorgum di Indonesia masih perlu ditingkatkan melalui perakitan varietas unggul berdaya hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi daya hasil galur-galur sorgum hasil persilangan Numbu × Samurai 2 dan mengidentifikasi galur dengan hasil yang tinggi untuk produktivitas biji. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2025 hingga Maret 2026 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan 10 galur uji dan 4 pembanding yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Karakter yang diamati meliputi karakter agronomi, komponen hasil, dan karakter kualitatif. Data kuantitatif dianalis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan uji beda nyata jujur (BNJ) taraf 5% dan analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman nyata pada hampir semua karakter kuantitatif, kecuali diameter batang. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas per hektar berkorelasi positif dengan diameter malai, bobot kering malai, bobot biji per malai, dan bobot 1000 butir. Beberapa galur menunjukkan performa lebih unggul dibandingkan varietas pembanding. Produktivitas biji tertinggi diperoleh galur NS2-109 sebesar 5,79 ton ha?¹, diikuti NS2-122 (5,74 ton ha?¹), NS2-121 (5,60 ton ha?¹), dan NS2-161 (5,58 ton ha?¹). Galur yang unggul dapat dilanjutkan dengan uji multilokasi untuk pelepasan varietas.

Sorghum is a cereal crop with potential as an alternative food source due to its wide adaptability and high nutritional value. However, sorghum productivity in Indonesia still needs improvement through the development of high-yielding superior varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the yield performance of sorghum lines derived from the cross between Numbu × Samurai 2 and to identify high- yielding lines for grain productivity. The research was conducted from October 2025 to March 2026 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Field using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 tested lines and 4 check varieties, replicated three times. Observed traits included agronomic characters, yield components, and qualitative traits. Quantitative data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% level and correlation analysis. The results showed significant variation in almost all quantitative traits, except stem diameter. Grain productivity per hectare was positively correlated with panicle diameter, panicle dry weight, grain weight per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. Several lines outperformed the check varieties. The highest grain productivity was recorded in line NS2-109 (5.79 t ha?¹), followed by NS2-122, NS2-121, and NS2-161. Superior lines can be further evaluated through multilocation trials for variety release.