Evaluasi Karakter Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif Berbagai Galur Celosia sp.

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dan membandingkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif berbagai material genetik tanaman hias jengger ayam (Celosia sp.), serta mengidentifikasi galur unggul yang berpotensi dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Agustus 2025 hingga Januari 2026 di Kebun Percobaan Pasir Sarongge, Cianjur, Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Tanpa Ulangan melalui evaluasi single plot terhadap tiga kelompok genotipe: galur mutasi generasi keempat (M4) hasil induksi Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), galur hibridisasi generasi kelima (F5), dan galur introduksi sebagai kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 20 sampel tanaman acak per galur. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata hingga sangat nyata terhadap seluruh karakter kuantitatif yang diuji. Melalui uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) taraf 5% dan analisis klaster, penelitian ini berhasil mengelompokkan variasi genotipe sekaligus mendokumentasikan keragaman morfologi kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang signifikan di antara galur-galur yang dievaluasi.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the qualitative and quantitative characters of various genetic materials of cockscomb (Celosia sp.), and to identify superior lines for further development. The research was conducted from August 2025 to January 2026 at the Pasir Sarongge Experimental Station, Cianjur, West Java. An Unreplicated Design with a single-plot evaluation method was applied to three genotype groups: 4th-generation mutation lines (M4) induced by Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), 5th-generation hybridization lines (F5), and introduction lines as controls. Observations were recorded from 20 randomly sampled plants per line. The analysis of variance revealed that genotype had a significant to highly significant effect on all quantitative traits tested. Furthermore, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level and cluster analysis successfully grouped the genotypic variations and documented significant qualitative and quantitative morphological diversity among the evaluated lines.