Deteksi Spesies Ikan di Ekosistem Lamun Menggunakan Metode Environmental DNA (eDNA) Metabarcoding di Pantai Sanur, Bali

Abstract

Ekosistem lamun Pantai Sanur berperan penting bagi ikan, tetapi terancam degradasi oleh aktivitas antropogenik sehingga perlu pemantauan berkala dengan metode non-invasive seperti environmental DNA (eDNA). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman ikan di ekosistem lamun Pantai Sanur menggunakan metode eDNA metabarcoding dengan marka gen 12S dan 16S rRNA serta kaitannya dengan karakteristik tipe makanannya. Analisis QIIME 2 dan BLAST menghasilkan ~8.700 paired-end sekuens yang mengidentifikasi 32 spesies ikan dari 18 famili. Famili Labridae merupakan famili ikan yang paling banyak terdeteksi (28,6%). Stasiun 3 memiliki kekayaan spesies tertinggi (29 spesies) dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener kategori sedang (2,95), sedangkan Stasiun 1 dan 2 kategori rendah. Berdasarkan karakteristik tipe makanan, kelompok ikan karnivora merupakan kelompok ikan yang paling banyak terdeteksi (69%). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan data awal yang informatif mengenai taksa ikan untuk mendukung pengelolaan ekosistem lamun di Pantai Sanur secara berkelanjutan.

The seagrass ecosystem at Sanur Beach plays a vital role for fish, but is threatened by degradation due to anthropogenic activities, making regular monitoring using non-invasive methods such as environmental DNA (eDNA) necessary. This study aimed to identify fish diversity in the Sanur Beach seagrass ecosystem using the eDNA metabarcoding method with 12S and 16S rRNA gene markers, as well as to examine its relationship with feeding characteristics. Analysis using QIIME 2 and BLAST successfully detected ~8,700 paired-end sequences that identified 32 fish species from 18 families. The Labridae family was the most frequently detected (28.6%). Station 3 had the highest species richness (29 species) with a moderate Shannon-Wiener diversity index (2.95), while Stations 1 and 2 were in the low category. Based on feeding habits, carnivorous fish were the most frequently detected group (69%). The results of this study provide informative preliminary data on fish taxa to support the sustainable management of the seagrass ecosystem at Sanur Beach.