Eksplorasi Gen Fungsional Mikrobiom Tanah Berbasis Metagenomik pada Ekosistem Tanah Terdampak Limbah Kampus IPB Dramaga

Abstract

Aktivitas pengelolaan limbah di lingkungan kampus berpotensi memengaruhi struktur komunitas dan fungsi mikrobiom tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan struktur komunitas mikrobiom dan diversitas gen fungsional pada ekosistem tanah terdampak limbah di Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor menggunakan pendekatan studi metagenomik. DNA total diekstraksi, dilakukan kontrol kualitas, sekuensing, dan analisis bioinformatika untuk klasifikasi taksonomi serta anotasi gen fungsional berdasarkan kategori Clusters of Orthologous Groups dan jalur metabolisme Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Hasil analisis taksonomi menunjukkan dominansi filum Proteobacteria dan Actinobacteria. Analisis fungsional mengungkap keberadaan gen-gen yang terlibat dalam degradasi senyawa xenobiotik serta gen resistensi terhadap logam berat dan antibiotik. Kategori Function Unknown merupakan kelompok gen dengan proporsi tertinggi pada seluruh sampel. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa tanah terdampak limbah di lingkungan kampus memiliki potensi metabolik yang kompleks dan adaptif, serta menyediakan dasar ilmiah untuk pemahaman peran komunitas mikrob dalam proses bioremediasi di ekosistem tanah terdampak limbah.

Waste management activities in campus environments have the potential to alter the structure and functional capacity of soil microbial communities. This study aimed to determine the microbiome community structure and functional gene diversity in waste-impacted soil ecosystems at Institut Pertanian Bogor Campus using a metagenomic approach. Total DNA was extracted, followed by quality control, sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses for taxonomic classification and functional gene annotation based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathways. Taxonomic analysis revealed the dominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Functional analysis identified genes involved in xenobiotic compound degradation pathways as well as genes conferring resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics, particularly RND efflux pumps and arsenic resistance systems. Genes of unknown function accounted for the highest proportion across all samples. These findings demonstrate that waste-impacted campus soil harbors complex and adaptive metabolic potential, providing a scientific basis for understanding the role of microbial communities in bioremediation in waste-impacted soil ecosystems.