Eksplorasi Gen Fungsional Fungi pada Ekosistem Tanah Kebun Percobaan Karet Cikabayan IPB Dramaga Secara Metagenomik

Abstract

Tanah merupakan ekosistem kompleks yang dihuni oleh beragam mikroorganisme, termasuk fungi yang berperan penting dalam siklus nutrien dan dekomposisi bahan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi struktur komunitas dan potensi gen fungsional fungi pada tanah Kebun Percobaan Karet Cikabayan IPB menggunakan pendekatan metagenomik berbasis sekuensing Oxford Nanopore dan analisis bioinformatika. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa komunitas fungi didominasi oleh Ascomycota dengan variasi komposisi antar sampel. KRT2 memiliki keanekaragaman dan jumlah gen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan KRT1, meskipun kedalaman sekuensing belum sepenuhnya jenuh. Analisis fungsional mengungkap dominasi gen yang terlibat dalam metabolisme dan transpor, serta mengidentifikasi gen ACLY yang terkait dengan biosintesis metabolit sekunder dan enzim CAZyme famili GH5 dan GH9 yang berperan dalam degradasi biomassa lignoselulosa. Selain itu, terdeteksi pula gen yang berasosiasi dengan respons stres dan adaptasi lingkungan.

Soil is a complex ecosystem inhabited by diverse microorganisms, including fungi that play essential roles in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. This study aimed to identify the fungal community structure and functional gene potential in soil from the Cikabayan Rubber Experimental Field, IPB University, using a metagenomic approach based on Oxford Nanopore sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the fungal community was dominated by Ascomycota, with variations in taxonomic composition among samples. Sample KRT2 exhibited higher diversity and a greater number of annotated genes than KRT1, although sequencing depth had not yet reached complete saturation. Functional annotation revealed the predominance of genes involved in metabolism and transport processes, as well as the presence of the ACLY gene associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis and CAZyme enzymes belonging to the GH5 and GH9 families involved in lignocellulosic biomass degradation. In addition, genes related to stress response and environmental adaptation were detected.