Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Inhibisi Lipase Pankreas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica) secara In Vitro

Abstract

Obesitas merupakan salah satu penyakit dengan jumlah penderita terbesar di dunia yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Obesitas dapat ditangani dengan menghambat aktivitas enzim lipase pankreas. Daun asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) diketahui mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor enzim tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total, aktivitas antioksidan dan inhibisi lipase pankreas oleh ekstrak daun asam jawa secara in vitro. Daun asam jawa diekstraksi menggunakan metode sonikasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kasar daun asam jawa mengandung kadar total fenolik yang sangat tinggi sebesar 694,6 ± 88,45 mg GAE/g ekstrak dan kadar total flavonoid sebesar 30,77 ± 3,91 mg QE/g ekstrak. Tingginya kandungan polifenol berbanding lurus dengan kapasitas antioksidan total sampel, dengan nilai DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl) sebesar 62,33 ± 5,12 mg TE/g ekstrak dan nilai FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) sebesar 762,181 ± 3,75 mg TE/g ekstrak. Ekstrak etanol daun asam jawa juga memiliki aktivitas inhibisi lipase pankreas sebesar 45,45%, sedangkan kontrol positif orlistat memiliki daya inhibisi sebesar 69,10%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak etanol daun asam jawa berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami dan agen antiobesitas melalui mekanisme penghambatan enzim lipase pankreas.

Obesity is one of the diseases with the largest number of sufferers in the world which continues to increase every year. Obesity can be treated by inhibiting the activity of the pancreatic lipase enzyme. Tamarind leaves (Tamarindus indica L.) are known to contain phenolic and flavonoid compounds that have the potential to inhibit the enzyme. This study aimed to measure the total phenolic and flavonoid levels, antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition by tamarind leaf extract in vitro. Tamarind leaves were extracted using the sonication method with 70% ethanol solvent. The results showed that the crude extract of tamarind leaves contained very high total phenolic levels of 694,6 ± 88,45 mg GAE / g extract and total flavonoid levels of 30,77 ± 3.91 mg QE / g extract. The high polyphenol content is directly proportional to the total antioxidant capacity of the sample, with a DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl) value of 62,33 ± 5,12 mg TE/g extract and a FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) value of 762,181 ± 3,75 mg TE/g extract. The ethanol extract of tamarind leaves exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibition activity of 45.45%, while the positive control, orlistat, showed an inhibition value of 69.10%. Based on these findings, the ethanol extract of tamarind leaves has potential as a natural antioxidant source and an anti-obesity agent through the mechanism of pancreatic lipase enzyme inhibition.