Keragaan Galur-Galur Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea L.) Hasil Seleksi Galur Murni Lanras Sumedang

Abstract

Kacang bambara (Vigna subtteranea L.) merupakan tanaman legum yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber pangan alternatif, namun produktivitasnya di Indonesia masih rendah akibat tingginya keragaman genetik pada lanras lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengevaluasi keragaan dan menduga parameter genetik karakter kuantitatif galur-galur kacang bambara hasil seleksi galur murni asal lanras Sumedang serta mempelajari korelasi antar karakter agronomi galur-galur tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2025 hingga April 2026 menggunakan 10 genotipe uji kacang bambara kelompok testa hitam dan testa cokelat dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) satu faktor dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman antar genotipe pada beberapa karakter pertumbuhan dan hasil. Genotipe 873 IV-7 dari kelompok testa hitam menunjukkan potensi hasil terbaik dengan jumlah polong bernas, jumlah polong total, bobot polong basah, dan bobot polong kering tertinggi. Karakter jumlah polong bernas, jumlah polong total, bobot polong basah, dan bobot polong kering memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi dan berkorelasi positif terhadap hasil tanaman sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai karakter seleksi dalam program pemuliaan kacang bambara.

Bambara groundnuts (Vigna subterranea L.) are leguminous plants with potential for development as an alternative food source; however, their productivity in Indonesia remains low due to high genetic diversity in local landrace. This study aims to evaluate the performance and estimate the genetic parameters of quantitative characters of Bambara bean lines resulting from selection of pure lines from Sumedang landraces and to study the correlation between agronomic characters of these lines. The study was conducted from November 2025 to April 2026 using 10 test genotypes of bambara groundnuts from the black testa and brown testa groups under a one factor of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed variation among genotypes for several growth and yield traits. Genotype 873 IV-7 from the black testa group showed the highest yield potential with the highest number of filled pods, total number of pods, fresh pod weight, and dry pod weight. The traits of number of filled pods, total number of pods, fresh pod weight, and dry pod weight have high heritability values and positive correlations with crop yield, thus having the potential to be used as selection traits in the bambara groundnut breeding program