Evaluasi Keragaan Karakter Agronomi Beberapa Genotipe Tomat Hibrida di Dataran Rendah

Abstract

Tomat merupakan komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Namun, produksi tomat nasional masih mengalami fluktuasi dan luas panen cenderung menurun. Perluasan budidaya ke dataran rendah menjadi salah satu upaya peningkatan produksi sehingga diperlukan varietas yang adaptif terhadap suhu dan curah hujan yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaan karakter agronomi dan mengidentifikasi genotipe hibrida tomat berdaya hasil tinggi di dataran rendah. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Purwakarta (±50 m dpl) pada Juni hingga November 2025 menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktor tunggal yaitu genotipe, yang terdiri atas 10 genotipe hibrida dan tiga varietas pembanding dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil pengamatan karakter kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa seluruh genotipe uji memiliki kemiripan pada karakter tipe pertumbuhan, bentuk tandan buah, tipe daun, dan tipe kerutan daun, tetapi menunjukkan keragaman pada karakter lainnya. Sementara itu, pada karakter kuantitatif menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata antar genotipe. Sebagian besar genotipe pada umur panen termasuk kategori genjah dengan produktivitas tertinggi dicapai oleh EWHT3 sebesar 31,68 ton ha?¹. Genotipe EWHT3 tergolong tahan dan EWHT10 tergolong sangat tahan terhadap penyakit Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus, sedangkan EWHT7 tergolong rentan. Berdasarkan seleksi indeks terboboti, genotipe EWHT3 dan EWHT10 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai kandidat varietas unggul adaptif di dataran rendah.

Tomato is a horticultural commodity with high economic value. However, national tomato production continues to fluctuate, and harvested area tends to decline. Expanding cultivation to lowland areas is one effort to increase production, thus requiring varieties that are adaptive to relatively high temperatures and rainfall. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance and identify high-yielding tomato hybrid genotypes suitable for lowland cultivation. The experiment was conducted in Purwakarta (±50 m above sea level) from June to November 2025 using a randomized complete block design with a single factor, namely genotype, consisting of 10 hybrid genotypes and three check varieties with three replications. Observations of qualitative characters showed that all tested genotypes exhibited similarities in growth type, fruit cluster shape, leaf type, and leaf blistering type, but displayed variation in other characters. Meanwhile, quantitative characters showed significant differences among genotypes. Most genotypes fell into the early-maturing category in terms of harvest age, with the highest productivity achieved by EWHT3 at 31.68 tons ha?¹. Genotype EWHT3 was classified as resistant and EWHT10 as highly resistant to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus disease, whereas EWHT7 was classified as susceptible. Based on weighted index selection, genotypes EWHT3 and EWHT10 have the potential to be developed as candidates for superior varieties adapted to lowland areas.