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      -Modifikasi Teknik Ekstraksi DNA dan Aplikasi Primer Spesifik Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Hiu Tikus di Lapangan

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Aldina, Vatia Dwi Rizki Ramadhani
      Abdullah, Asadatun
      Jacoeb, Agoes Mardiono
      Rianti, Puji
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      Abstract
      Perdagangan hiu di Indonesia masih berlangsung aktif, termasuk dalam bentuk produk olahan, sehingga diperlukan metode identifikasi spesies yang cepat dan akurat, terutama untuk dapat dilakukan secara lansung di lapangan. Peneliti memodifikasi Teknik ekstraksi DNA dan menerapkan metode Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) untuk mendeteksi secara cepat hiu tikus pelagis (Alopias pelagicus) dan hiu tikus mata besar (Alopias superciliosus) pada produk olahan hiu komersial. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan menggunakan kit komersial dengan dua perlakuan, yaitu mengikuti protokol standar dan modifikasi protokol standar. Perbedaan metode ekstraksi DNA berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsentrasi dan kemurnian DNA yang diperoleh. Hasil ekstraksi DNA dengan kit standar memiliki konsentrasi lebih tinggi (81,386 ± 37,274 ng/µL) dan tingkat kemurnian lebih baik (1,895–2,071) dibandingkan metode modifikasi (10,615 ± 7,226 ng/µL; kemurnian 1,279 ± 0,360). Primer LAMP hiu tikus (Alopias spp.) dirancang secara spesifik dari gen cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) dan nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit II (NADH2). Amplifikasi primer LAMP COI untuk Alopias pelagicus dan Alopias superciliosus pada 70?°C;40 menit. Sedangkan, amplifikasi primer NADH2 untuk Alopias pelagicus optimal pada 70?°C;30 menit dan Alopias superciliosus pada 65?°C;35 menit. Keberhasilan amplifikasi LAMP ditandai dengan perubahan warna dari merah menjadi kuning pada sampel hiu tikus, sementara spesies pembanding, misal Sphyrna lewini, Rhynchobatus australiae, Carcharhinus falciformis, Prionace glauca, dan Isurus oxyrinchus, tidak terjadi perubahan warna. Efektivitas metode LAMP yang dikombinasikan dengan teknik ekstraksi DNA metode modifikasi kit pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengujian lapang di Jakarta pada produk hiu asapan komersial. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan tersebut mampu memberikan deteksi yang cepat dan spesifik terhadap DNA target, meskipun konsentrasi hasil ekstraksi relatif rendah. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa LAMP dengan primer spesifik yang dirancang dari COI dan NADH2 dapat diaplikasikan pada konsentrasi DNA sangat rendah. Hal ini menegaskan potensi metode LAMP untuk forensik perikanan di lapangan, sehingga dapat mendukung upaya penegakan hukum dalam pengendalian perdagangan spesies laut yang dilindungi.
       
      Shark trade in Indonesia remains active, including in the form of processed products, thereby necessitating a rapid and accurate species identification method, particularly one that can be applied directly in the field. The researcher modified DNA extraction techniques and applied the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) method to rapidly detect pelagic thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus) and bigeye thresher sharks (Alopias superciliosus) in commercial shark products. DNA extraction was carried out using a commercial kit with two treatments, namely following the standard protocol and a modified version of the standard protocol. Differences in DNA extraction methods had a significant effect on the concentration and purity of the DNA obtained. DNA extracted using the standard kit produced higher concentrations (81.386 ± 37.274 ng/µL) and better purity levels (1,895–2,071) compared to the modified method (10.615 ± 7.226 ng/µL; purity 1.279 ± 0.360). LAMP primers for thresher sharks (Alopias spp.) were specifically designed from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit II (NADH2). Amplification using COI LAMP primers for Alopias pelagicus and Alopias superciliosus was optimal at 70?°C for 40 minutes. Meanwhile, amplification using NADH2 primers was optimal at 70?°C for 30 minutes for Alopias pelagicus and at 65?°C for 35 minutes for Alopias superciliosus. Successful LAMP amplification was indicated by a color change from red to yellow in thresher shark samples, while comparative species such as Sphyrna lewini, Rhynchobatus australiae, Carcharhinus falciformis, Prionace glauca, and Isurus oxyrinchus showed no color change. The effectiveness of the LAMP method combined with the modified DNA extraction technique was tested in the field in Jakarta using commercial smoked shark products. The results demonstrated that this approach was capable of providing rapid and specific detection of target DNA, even though the DNA concentration obtained from extraction was relatively low. This study proves that LAMP with specific primers designed from COI and NADH2 can be applied to very low DNA concentrations. This highlights the potential of the LAMP method for fisheries forensics in the field, thereby supporting law enforcement efforts in controlling the trade of protected marine species.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/175325
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      • MF - Fisheries [3310]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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