Karakterisasi Genom Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar belfanti Asal Indonesia

Abstract

Difteri merupakan penyakit infeksius disebabkan oleh C. diphtheriae yang membawa gen tox dari bacteriophage, tetapi biovar belfanti umumnya tidak membawa gen tox. Penelitian bertujuan mengkarakterisasi genom mencakup taksonomi dan filogeni, gen fungsional, molecular typing, faktor virulensi, serta gen resistensi Metode analisis menggunakan whole genome sequencing pada isolat 53 dan 1593. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kedua isolat memiliki kualitas tinggi, sehingga layak untuk analisis lanjutan. Analisis taksonomi mengidentifikasi kedua isolat sebagai C. belfantii. Anotasi gen didominansi gen replikasi, rekombinasi, dan perbaikan, metabolisme asam amino, serta transpor ion, sementara analisis metabolik menunjukkan jalur sentral lengkap dan potensi metabolit sekunder. Analisis molecular typing mengidentifikasi isolat 53 sebagai ClG10425/GC1238 dan isolat 1593 sebagai ClG10423/GC1236. Analisis faktor virulensi menunjukkan kedua isolat tidak membawa gen tox dan pld, tetapi memiliki faktor virulensi lain. Analisis gen resistensi mengidentifikasi gen vanW. Kesimpulan menunjukkan kedua isolat memiliki profil genomik kompleks mencakup kapasitas metabolik, sistem akuisisi besi, potensi biosintesis metabolit sekunder, dan non-toksigenik.

Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae carrying the bacteriophage-encoded tox gene; however, the biovar belfanti generally lacks this gene. This study aimed to characterize the genomes of two isolates, including their taxonomy and phylogeny, functional genes, molecular typing, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on isolates 53 and 1593. Both isolates showed high genome quality and were suitable for further analyses. Taxonomic analysis identified both isolates as Corynebacterium belfantii. Genome annotation revealed a predominance of genes related to replication, recombination, and repair, amino acid metabolism, and ion transport, while metabolic analysis indicated complete central metabolic pathways and the potential for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Molecular typing assigned isolate 53 to ClG10425/GC1238 and isolate 1593 to ClG10423/GC1236. Virulence analysis showed the absence of tox and pld genes, although other virulence-associated factors were detected. Resistance gene analysis identified vanW in both isolates. In conclusion, both isolates exhibited complex genomic profiles characterized by metabolic capacity, iron acquisition systems, secondary metabolite biosynthetic potential, and a non-toxigenic phenotype.