Valuasi Ekonomi dan Strategi Pelestarian Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat.

Abstract

Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) menjadi isu global serius yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan hutan. Tekanan alih fungsi lahan, perambahan hutan, dan peningkatan aktivitas wisata menyebabkan penurunan tutupan vegetasi yang mengancam keberlanjutan flora dan fauna. Pengelolaan jasa lingkungan, khususnya cadangan karbon dan keanekaragaman hayati belum optimal sehingga menimbulkan kerugian ekologis dan ekonomi. Di sisi lain, keterbatasan akses ekonomi masyarakat sekitar kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai memicu konflik antara kebutuhan penghidupan dan upaya konservasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terkait pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan pada kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai; (2) menganalisis estimasi potensi cadangan karbon dan valuasi ekonomi cadangan karbon, flora, fauna, air, HHBK,wisata, dan nilai non-guna di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai; (3) menganalisis strategi pelestarian dari pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis menggunakan skala likert, persamaan alometrik, valuasi ekonomi, SWOT, dan QSPM. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah persepsi masyarakat Desa Palutungan secara umum setuju dan memiliki kesadaran ekologis tinggi terhadap pentingnya hutan dan keanekaragaman hayati, masyarakat juga menunjukkan dukungan terhadap pengelolaan kawasan yang dinilai cukup baik namun belum optimal, sehingga diperlukan peningkatan sosialisasi, transparansi, dan keterlibatan masyarakat. Total Economic Value (TEV) dari nilai guna langsung, nilai guna tidak langsung, dan nilai non-guna di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai adalah Rp 65.032.153.278.019,31. Prioritas strategi yang dapat dilakukan adalah (1) program rehabilitasi hutan dan konservasi sumber daya air, (2) penertiban, pembuatan PKS, dan pengaturan aktivitas penyadapan getah pinus secara legal dan berkelanjutan, dan (3) pengembangan alternatif mata pencaharian masyarakat berbasis jasa lingkungan.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are a serious global issue caused by forest destruction. Pressure from land conversion, forest encroachment, and increased tourism activities have led to a decrease in vegetation cover, which threatens the sustainability of flora and fauna. Management of environmental services, particularly carbon stocks and biodiversity, has not been optimal, resulting in ecological and economic losses. Furthermore, limited economic access for communities surrounding the Mount Ciremai National Park area triggers conflicts between livelihood needs and conservation efforts. This study aims to (1) analyze community perceptions regarding the utilization of environmental services in the Mount Ciremai National Park area; (2) analyze the estimated potential carbon stocks and the economic valuation of carbon stocks, flora, fauna, water, and NTFPs in the Mount Ciremai National Park area; (3) analyze conservation strategies for the utilization of environmental services in the Mount Ciremai National Park area. The methods used include analysis using a Likert scale, allometric equations, economic valuation, SWOT analysis, and and QSPM. The result of this study is that the community of Palutungan Village generally agrees and has a high ecological awareness of the importance of forests and biodiversity. The community also shows support for the management of the area, which is considered quite good but not yet optimal, so there is a need to improve socialization, transparency, and community involvement. The Total Economic Value (TEV) from direct use, indirect use, and non-use values in Mount Ciremai National Park is IDR 65.032.153.278.019,31. The priority strategies that can be undertaken are (1) forest rehabilitation and water resource conservation programs, (2) regulation, creation of agreements, and arranging legal and sustainable pine resin tapping activities, and (3) development of community livelihood alternatives based on environmental services.