Sistem Sosial-Ekologi pada Perikanan Demersal di Kabupaten Rembang

Abstract

Perikanan demersal di Kabupaten Rembang memiliki peran penting bagi perekonomian masyarakat pesisir. Namun, perikanan ini menghadapi tekanan pemanfaatan akibat tingginya aktivitas penangkapan dan ketergantungan nelayan terhadap sumberdaya ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan memetakan dinamika sistem sosial-ekologi, mengeksplorasi konektivitas antarkomponen, dan merumuskan input pengelolaan perikanan demersal berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober-November 2025 di enam kecamatan pesisir Kabupaten Rembang. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam dengan nelayan pengguna Jaring Hela Dasar dan Jaring Tarik Berkantong, serta pemangku kepentingan terkait. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan kerangka Social-Ecological System, Social-Ecological Network Analysis, dan Causal Loop Diagram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem sosial-ekologi perikanan demersal terbentuk dari keterkaitan antara sistem sumberdaya Laut Jawa, unit sumberdaya ikan demersal, aktor nelayan, dan tata kelola perikanan. Komposisi hasil tangkapan bersifat multispesies, nilai Catch per Unit Effort dan Revenue per Unit Effort berfluktuasi, serta terdapat perbedaan karakteristik sosial-ekonomi antara nelayan Jaring Hela Dasar dan Jaring Tarik Berkantong. Strategi pengelolaan yang direkomendasikan meliputi perlindungan area pemijahan, pengelolaan alokasi hasil tangkapan berdasarkan daya dukung sumberdaya, pengaturan zona dan musim penangkapan, serta pengendalian upaya penangkapan.

Demersal fisheries in Rembang Regency play an important role in the coastal economy. However, they face increasing utilization pressure due to intensive fishing activities and fishers' dependence on fish resources. This study aimed to identify and map the dynamics of the social-ecological system, explore the connectivity among its components, and formulate management inputs for sustainable demersal fisheries. The research was conducted from October to November 2025 in six coastal districts of Rembang Regency. Data were collected through field observations, in-depth interviews with fishers using Bottom Trawl and Demersal Seine Net, and relevant stakeholders. Data were analyzed using the Social-Ecological System framework, Social-Ecological Network Analysis, and Causal Loop Diagram. The results showed that the social-ecological system of demersal fisheries is shaped by the interactions among the Java Sea resource system, demersal fish resource units, fishing actors, and fisheries governance. The catch was characterized by a multispecies composition, while Catch per Unit Effort and Revenue per Unit Effort fluctuated, and socio-economic characteristics differed between Bottom Trawl and Demersal Seine Net fishers. The recommended management strategies include protecting spawning areas, managing catch allocation based on the carrying capacity of fish resources, regulating fishing zones and fishing seasons, and controlling fishing effort.