Pemanfaatan Ampas Kopi sebagai Adsorben dalam Pengolahan Limbah Cair Batik Kayu

Abstract

Limbah cair batik kayu berpotensi mencemari lingkungan karena mengandung bahan organik dan padatan tersuspensi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik awal limbah cair batik kayu serta menentukan massa karbon aktif ampas kopi yang paling efektif dalam menurunkan kadar BOD, COD, TSS, dan menetralkan pH. Karbon aktif ampas kopi dibuat melalui proses karbonisasi dan aktivasi menggunakan HCl 0,1 M. Variasi massa adsorben yang digunakan yaitu 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; dan 5 gram. Karakteristik awal limbah menunjukkan kadar BOD sebesar 544,59 mg/L, COD sebesar 4555 mg/L, TSS sebesar 2965 mg/L, dan pH sebesar 9,63. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massa adsorben optimum berbeda pada setiap parameter. Massa adsorben 3 gram menghasilkan penyisihan COD tertinggi sebesar 91,47% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 139 mg/g, massa adsorben 2 gram menghasilkan penyisihan BOD sebesar 95,8% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 26 mg/g, sedangkan massa adsorben 5 gram menghasilkan penyisihan TSS sebesar 96,63% dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 57,3 mg/g dan menurunkan pH menjadi 8,16. Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa variasi massa adsorben berpengaruh signifikan terhadap parameter BOD, COD, TSS, dan pH. Karbon aktif ampas kopi berpotensi digunakan sebagai adsorben dalam pengolahan limbah cair batik kayu.

Wood batik wastewater has the potential to pollute the environment due to its high content of organic matter and suspended solids. This study aims to identify the initial characteristics of wood batik wastewater and to determine the mass of coffee grounds activated carbon that is most effective in reducing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) levels, as well as neutralizing pH. The coffee grounds activated carbon was prepared through carbonization and activation using 0.1 M HCl. The variations in adsorbent mass used were 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, and 5 grams. The initial characteristics of the wastewater showed a BOD level of 544.59 mg/L, COD of 4555 mg/L, TSS of 2965 mg/L, and a pH of 9.63. The results indicate that the optimum adsorbent mass differed for each parameter. An adsorbent mass of 3 grams produced the highest COD removal at 91.47% with an adsorption capacity of 139 mg/g, a mass of 2 grams produced a BOD removal of 95.8% with an adsorption capacity of 26 mg/g, while a mass of 5 grams produced the highest TSS removal at 96.63% with an adsorption capacity of 57.3 mg/g and lowered the pH to 8.16. The One-Way ANOVA test results show that the variation in adsorbent mass had a significant effect on the BOD, COD, TSS, and pH parameters. Consequently, coffee grounds activated carbon has the potential to be used as an adsorbent in wood batik wastewater treatment.