RESPONS PERILAKU OWA KALAWAT (Hylobates muelleri) TERHADAP JUMLAH PENGUNJUNG DI DUA TIPE KANDANG TAMAN MARGASATWA RAGUNAN

Abstract

Owa Kalawat (Hylobates muelleri) merupakan primata endemik Kalimantan yang terancam akibat perburuan dan degradasi habitat, sehingga konservasi ex situ menjadi alternatif penting. Keberhasilan konservasi ditentukan oleh kesejahteraan satwa. Keberadaan pengunjung dapat memengaruhi respons perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis respons perilaku owa kalawat (Hylobates muelleri) terhadap variasi jumlah pengunjung kebun binatang pada dua tipe kandang yang berbeda. Pengamatan perilaku harian dilakukan menggunakan metode focal animal sampling terhadap individu jantan dan betina selama 40 hari pada dua lokasi kandang yang berbeda, meliputi hari kerja, hari libur, dan hari Senin. Pengamatan aktivitas pengunjung menggunakan metode ad libitum sampling. Analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan R-studio melalui uji korelasi Pearson, uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, uji ANOVA dan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Uji lanjut Tukey dan Dunn’s. Peningkatan jumlah pengunjung berkorelasi dengan perilaku lokomosi dan penurunan perilaku makan pada individu Rambo, akibat keberadaan pengunjung. Perilaku abnormal seperti postur bergelantungan tidak umum, gerakan berulang, dan menggesek genital teramati pada individu Monica, diduga akibat kondisi kandang yang tidak sesuai. Respons terhadap pengunjung didominasi oleh perilaku submisif pada individu Ririn dan agonistik pada individu Rambo. Respons afiliasi pada individu Ririn terlihat ketika pengunjung membawa makanan. Perbedaan tipe kandang, terutama jarak satwa dengan pengunjung dan penempatan pakan memengaruhi respons perilaku.

The Kalawat Gibbons (Hylobates muelleri) is a primate endemic to Kalimantan that is threatened by poaching and habitat degradation, making ex situ conservation an important alternative. The successful conservation of these animals depends on their welfare. The presence of visitors can influence behavioral responses. This study aims to identify and analyze the behavioral responses of the Kalawat gibbons (Hylobates muelleri) to variations in the number of zoo visitors in two different types of enclosures. Daily behavioral observations were conducted using the focal animal sampling method on male and female individuals over 40 days at two different enclosure locations, including weekdays, weekends, and Mondays. Visitor activity was observed using the ad libitum sampling method. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and R-Studio via Pearson’s correlation test, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Tukey’s and Dunn’s post-hoc tests. An increase in visitor numbers correlated with locomotor behavior and a decrease in feeding behavior in the individual named Rambo, likely due to the presence of visitors. Abnormal behaviors such as hanging postures, repetitive movements, and genital rubbing were observed in the individual named Monica, presumably due to unsuitable enclosure conditions. Responses to visitors were dominated by submissive behavior in the individual named Ririn and agonictic behavior in the individual named Rambo. Ririn’s affiliative response toward individuals was evident when visitors brought food. Differences in enclosure types-particularly the distance between the animals and visitors and the placement of food-influenced her behavioral response.