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      Taksonomi dan Bioprospeksi Jamur Liar Poroid Edible dari Dataran Tinggi Cibodas, Jawa Barat

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      PUSPITASARI, RADITYA FEBRI
      Putra, Ivan Permana
      Prastya, M. Eka
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      Abstract
      Kawasan Gunung Gede-Pangrango, Jawa Barat, memiliki catatan biodiversitas jamur yang cukup tinggi, tetapi hanya terbatas pada inventarisasi dan belum dilakukan kajian bioprospeksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan profil taksonomi dan bioprospeksi dari jamur liar edible kelompok poroid dari dataran tinggi Cibodas, Jawa Barat. Koleksi sampel dilakukan dengan metode eksploratif untuk dikarakterisasi morfologi dan molekulernya. Sampel jamur dengan biomassa yang mencukupi diekstraksi menggunakan tiga pelarut dengan polaritas yang berbeda (akuades, etanol, dan etil asetat) kemudian ekstrak digunakan untuk uji bioprospeksi antioksidan, antidiabetes, dan antimikrob, serta dilakukan analisis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa volatil pada ekstrak jamur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan tiga jamur poroid edible yang diidentifikasi sebagai Bondarzewia indohimalayana IPB13 (Russulales), Laetiporus sp. (Polyporales), dan Fistulina hepatica IPB12 (Agaricales). Hasil uji bioaktivitas menunjukkan potensi antioksidan dengan nilai terbaik pada ekstrak B. indohimalayana pelarut akuades 56,608 ± 9,36 µg/mL (DPPH) dan pelarut etanol 36,653 ± 10,739 µg/mL (ABTS), antidiabetes terbaik pada ekstrak B. indohimalayana pelarut akuades 67,540 ± 26,435 µg/mL, serta antimikrob terbaik pada ekstrak B. indohimalayana pelarut etanol dan etil asetat dengan nilai 62,5 µg/mL pada bakteri uji E. coli. Analisis GC-MS mengungkap dominasi senyawa volatil yang terkandung pada jamur oleh kelompok asam lemak, hidrokarbon, ester, dan senyawa turunannya.
       
      The Gunung Gede-Pangrango region in West Java hosts high mushrooms biodiversity, but studies have mostly focused on inventories rather than bioprospection. This study aims to determine the taxonomic profile and conduct bioprospection of edible wild fungi in the poroid group from the Cibodas highlands, West Java. Samples were collected using an exploratory method for morphological and molecular characterization. Fungal samples with sufficient biomass were extracted using solvents of varying polarities (distilled water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate), and the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activity. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to determine the volatile compound content in the extracts. Three species were identified: Bondarzewia indohimalayana IPB13 (Russulales), Laetiporus sp. (Polyporales), and Fistulina hepatica IPB12 (Agaricales). The strongest antioxidant activity was found in B. indohimalayana extracts (distilled water: 56,608 ± 9,36 µg/mL DPPH; ethanol: 36,653 ± 10,739 µg/mL ABTS). The best antidiabetic activity was also in B. indohimalayana distilled water extract (67,540 ± 26,435 µg/mL), while antimicrobial activity was highest in ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts (62,5 µg/mL against E. coli). GC-MS analysis revealed volatile compounds dominated by fatty acids, hydrocarbons, esters, and derivatives, highlighting the potential of these fungi for bioactive compound discovery.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/174863
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