Penilaian Resiliensi Ekologi Ekosistem Lamun Berdasarkan Variasi Aktivitas Antropogenik di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu

Abstract

Ekosistem lamun merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam sistem pesisir yang memiliki produktivitas hayati tinggi serta berperan signifikan dalam menjaga stabilitas lingkungan laut dangkal, tetapi keberadaannya semakin semakin terpengaruh oleh aktivitas antropogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai resiliensi ekologi ekosistem lamun berdasarkan variasi aktivitas antropogenik di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu. Penilaian resiliensi dilakukan melalui integrasi Seagrass Ecological Quality Index (SEQI) dan Indeks Biota (IB) untuk menghasilkan Seagrass Ecosystem Resilience Index (SERI). Hubungan antarparameter ekologi dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA), sedangkan strategi pengelolaan disusun berdasarkan pendekatan Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya variasi tingkat resiliensi ekologi antarstasiun yang berkaitan dengan perbedaan kondisi lingkungan dan tingkat tekanan pada masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Variasi tersebut terlihat pada karakteristik stasiun yang mewakili area wisata, area instalasi pengolahan air limbah (IPAL), area dengan struktur pemecah gelombang (breakwater), dan area dengan intervensi antropogenik yang relatif rendah. Kondisi lingkungan seperti kualitas perairan, dinamika oseanografi, dan karakteristik habitat digunakan sebagai faktor pendukung dalam menjelaskan variasi kondisi ekosistem lamun antarstasiun. Pengelolaan adaptif melalui pengendalian sumber tekanan lingkungan, peningkatan edukasi masyarakat, perlindungan habitat, serta pengaturan aktivitas wisata diperlukan untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan resiliensi ekologi ekosistem lamun di Pulau Tidung.

Seagrass ecosystems are important components of coastal systems with high biological productivity and significant roles in maintaining the stability of shallow marine environments. However, their ecological functions are increasingly affected by anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to assess the ecological resilience of seagrass ecosystems based on the variation of anthropogenic activities in Pulau Tidung, Seribu Islands. The resilience assessment was conducted by integrating the Seagrass Ecological Quality Index (SEQI) and Biota Index (IB) to develop the Seagrass Ecosystem Resilience Index (SERI). Relationships among ecological parameters were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), while management strategies were formulated using the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) approach. The results showed variations in ecological resilience levels among sampling stations associated with differences in environmental conditions and pressure levels at each study site. These variations were observed across stations representing tourism areas, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) areas, breakwater-affected areas, and areas with relatively low anthropogenic intervention. Environmental conditions, including water quality, oceanographic dynamics, and habitat characteristics, were used as supporting factors to explain variations in seagrass ecosystem conditions among stations. Adaptive management through controlling environmental pressure sources, enhancing community education, protecting seagrass habitats, and regulating tourism activities is required to maintain and improve the ecological resilience of seagrass ecosystems in Pulau Tidung.