Kondisi Kesehatan Perairan Berdasarkan Bioindikator Plankton di Muara Gembong, Teluk Jakarta

Abstract

Perairan Muara Gembong, Teluk Jakarta merupakan wilayah yang mengalami tekanan antropogenik akibat aktivitas industri, perikanan, dan permukiman yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas ekosistem perairan. Namun, informasi mengenai kondisi kesehatan perairan berdasarkan komunitas plankton dan keterkaitannya dengan parameter fisika-kimia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kondisi kesehatan perairan melalui analisis komunitas plankton dan hubungannya dengan parameter fisikia-kimia perairan. Pengamatan dilakukan dari Juli 2025 – Desember 2025 di delapan stasiun pengamatan. Sampel plankton diidentifikasi dilaboratorium untuk menentukan komposisi komunitas, kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dominansi, hubungannya dengan parameter lingkungan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis, serta pola kesamaan komunitas menggunakan indeks similaritas Bray-Curtis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 69 genera fitoplankton yang tergolong dalam 6 kelas serta 57 genera zooplankton yang tergolong dalam 14 kelas. Komunitas fitoplankton didominasi oleh kelas Bacillariophyceae dengan genus yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu Chaetoceros sp., sedangkan zooplankton didominasi oleh kelas Malacostraca dengan genus paling banyak ditemukan yaitu Nauplius. Kelimpahan fitoplankton tertinggi berada di stasiun 5 (2.6673×106), sementara zooplankton tertinggi berada di stasiun 3 (2.0136×105). Komunitas plankton menunjukkan penyebaran individu antar genus yang relatif merata serta tidak terdapat genus yang mendominasi secara mencolok mengindikasikan kualitas perairan masih berada dalam kondisi yang belum mengalami gangguan akibat aktivitas antropogenik.

The waters of Muara Gembong, Jakarta Bay, are an area experiencing anthropogenic pressure from industrial, fishery, and residential activities that potentially reduce the quality of the aquatic ecosystem. However, information regarding the health condition of the waters based on plankton communities and their relationship with physicochemical parameters remains limited. This study aimed to assess the health condition of the waters through analysis of plankton communities and their relationship with physicochemical parameters. Observations were conducted from July 2025 to December 2025 at eight observation stations. Plankton samples were identified in the laboratory to determine community composition, abundance, diversity index, evenness, and dominance, as well as their relationship with environmental parameters using Principal Component Analysis, and community similarity patterns using the Bray-Curtis similarity index. The results showed that 69 phytoplankton genera belonging to 6 classes and 57 zooplankton genera belonging to 14 classes were found. The phytoplankton community was dominated by the class Bacillariophyceae, with Chaetoceros sp. being the most frequently found genus, while the zooplankton community was dominated by the class Malacostraca, with Nauplius being the most frequently found genus. The highest phytoplankton abundance was recorded at station 5 (2.6673×106), while the highest zooplankton abundance was recorded at station 3 (2.0136×105). The plankton community showed a relatively even distribution of individuals among genera, with no genus exhibiting conspicuous dominance, indicating that the water quality remained in a condition that had not yet experienced disturbance from anthropogenic activities.