Eksplorasi Biodiversitas Struktur Komunitas Bakteri pada Feses Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di IPB University

Abstract

Mikrobiota usus berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan fisiologis inang, terutama dalam proses pencernaan, metabolisme, dan sistem imun. Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) yang hidup bebas di lingkungan IPB University memiliki pola makan yang beragam akibat interaksi dengan lingkungan dan aktivitas manusia, sehingga berpotensi memengaruhi komposisi mikrobiota ususnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi biodiversitas serta struktur komunitas bakteri pada feses monyet ekor panjang di lingkungan IPB University menggunakan pendekatan metagenomik. Sampel feses dianalisis melalui ekstraksi DNA, evaluasi kualitas DNA, dan sekuensing menggunakan teknologi Oxford Nanopore. Data sekuensing dianalisis secara bioinformatika menggunakan platform UseGalaxy dan software R melalui klasifikasi taksonomi menggunakan Kraken2 serta anotasi gen fungsional menggunakan eggNOG-mapper. Hasil keragaman bakteri antar sampel memiliki variasi genus dominan yaitu sampel MEP B2 dengan Vescimonas sementara MEP B3 didominasi Acinetobacter yang mengindikasikan dua kelompok monyet yang berbeda sehingga pola diet berbeda. Analisis gen fungsional mengungkap dominasi pada gen yang berperan dalam metabolisme, transport membran, dan mekanisme pertahanan sel serta gen resistensi logam berat dan antibiotik pada kedua sampel yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan dalam riset selanjutnya.

The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining host physiological balance, particularly in digestion, metabolism, and immune function. The long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) inhabiting the IPB University environment exhibits diverse feeding behavior due to interactions with both natural surroundings and human activities, which may influence the composition of its gut microbiota. This study aimed to explore the biodiversity and structure of bacterial communities in fecal samples of long-tailed macaques at IPB University using a metagenomic approach. Fecal samples were analyzed through DNA extraction, DNA quality assessment, and sequencing using Oxford Nanopore technology. Sequencing data were analyzed using bioinformatics tools through the UseGalaxy platform and R software, including taxonomic classification using Kraken2 and functional gene annotation using eggNOG-mapper. The results showed variation in bacterial diversity between samples, with MEP B2 dominated by the genus Vescimonas, while MEP B3 was dominated by Acinetobacter, indicating two different monkey groups with distinct dietary patterns. Functional gene analysis revealed a dominance of genes involved in metabolism, membrane transport, and cell defense mechanisms, as well as heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes in both samples, which may provide valuable insights for future research.