Pendugaan Simpanan Karbon Pada Penutupan Lahan Forest dan Planted di IPB Dramaga

Abstract

Simpanan karbon merupakan jumlah karbon yang terkandung dalam suatu ekosistem yang diperoleh melalui proses fotosintesis yang terjadi pada tegakan tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur simpanan karbon total yang terdapat pada tutupan lahan forest dan planted dari vegetasi yang tumbuh di atas tanah dan di bawah tanah yang berada di kampus IPB Dramaga dengan potensi penyerapan karbondioksida dari atmosfer dan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomassa. Metode pengukuran simpanan karbon dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan allometrik untuk menghitung biomassa di atas tanah (above ground biomass) biomassa di bawah tanah (below ground biomass). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) pada tutupan forest lebih tinggi (0,706 – 0,764) dibandingkan dengan tutupan planted (0,578 – 0,734). Kemudian, estimasi simpanan karbon di atas tanah (above ground biomass) pada tutupan forest didominasi oleh plot Hutan Biofarmaka (14,73 ton C/ha), sedangkan pada tutupan planted, Plot Mahoni mencapai nilai tertinggi (20,3 ton C/ha). Sementara itu, estimasi simpanan karbon bawah tanah (below ground biomass) dengan sampel serasah dan sedimen melalui uji Loss on Ignition (LOI) menunjukkan sampel serasah memiliki rentang (6,3 × 10 – 4 – 7,5 × 10 – 4 ton C/ha) dengan serapan paling tinggi ada di Plot Sawit, sedangkan, sampel tanah menunjukkan hasil yang relatif stabil pada rentang (4,3 – 5,6 ton C/ha) dengan serapan tertinggi ada di Plot Mahoni. Oleh karena itu, perhitungan estimasi total simpanan karbon pada enam plot dengan tiga lokasi tutupan forest dan tiga lokasi tutupan planted di kampus IPB Dramaga adalah sebesar 89,67 ton C/ha. Hasil tersebut terdiri atas estimasi simpanan karbon atas tanah (above ground biomass) sebesar 61,17 ton C/ha dan estimasi simpanan karbon bawah tanah (below ground biomass) sebesar 28,50 ton C/ha.

Carbon stock represents the total amount of carbon sequestered within an ecosystem, accumulated through the photosynthetic processes of vegetation stands. This study aims to estimate and compare the total carbon stocks of above ground and below ground vegetation components in forest and planted land covers at the IPB Dramaga Campus, highlighting their capacity to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide and store it as biomass. Carbon stock quantification was conducted utilizing specific allometric equations to calculate both above ground biomass (AGB) and below ground biomass (BGB). The findings of this research are expected to provide a comprehensive baseline regarding the carbon sequestration potential of forest and planted land covers, demonstrating their critical contribution to climate change mitigation amidst rising global atmospheric concentrations. The results showed that the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in the forest cover was higher (0.706 – 0.764) compared to the planted cover (0.578 – 0.734). Furthermore, the estimated above-ground biomass (AGB) carbon stock in the forest cover was dominated by the Biofarmaka plot (14,73 ton C/ha), whereas in the planted cover, the mahogany plot reached the highest value (20,3 ton C/ha). Meanwhile, the estimation of below-ground biomass (BGB) carbon stock using litter and sediment samples through the Loss on Ignition (LOI) test indicated that the litter samples ranged from (6,3 × 10 – 4 – 7,5 × 10 – 4 ton C/ha) with the highest absorption found in the palm oil plot. Conversely, the soil samples showed relatively stable results, ranging from (4,3 – 5,6 ton C/ha) with the highest absorption observed in the mahogany plot. Consequently, the estimated total carbon stock across the six plots comprising three forest cover locations and three planted cover locations at the IPB Dramaga Campus amounted 89,67 ton C/ha. This total consists of an estimated AGB stock of 61,17 ton C/ha and an estimated BGB stock of 28,50 ton C/ha.