Potensi Produksi Metana dan Perancangan Anaerobic Digester dari Sampah Organik TPA Galuga, Bogor

Abstract

Timbulan sampah organik yang tinggi di TPA Galuga berpotensi menghasilkan gas metana sebagai sumber emisi gas rumah kaca apabila tidak dikelola. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi timbulan dan komposisi sampah, mengukur potensi produksi metana melalui karakterisasi fisik dan kimia sampah organik, serta merancang fasilitas Anaerobic Digester (AD). Data diperoleh dari data sekunder DLH Kota Bogor dan pengambilan sampel primer di TPA Galuga dan TPST Taman Semangat IPB. Karakterisasi laboratorium meliputi kadar air, TS, VS, kadar abu, pH, C-organik, N-total, H, O, S, dan rasio C/N, serta perhitungan potensi metana menggunakan metode BMPth berdasarkan Persamaan Buswell. Rata-rata timbulan sampah mencapai 507 ton/hari dengan dominasi fraksi organik 51,48%. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan kadar air 85,80%, TS 14,20%, VS 10,77%, C-organik 29,18%, dan rasio C/N 25,14. Nilai BMPth sebesar 660,22 m³CH4/tonVS dengan total potensi metana harian 17.709,08 m³/hari. AD dirancang tipe fixed dome dengan 4 unit reaktor paralel berdiameter 20 m, volume aktif total 11.369,30 m³, dan energi listrik aktual 69.232,97 kWh/hari.

High organic waste volumes at Galuga Landfill have the potential to generate methane gas, becoming a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions if unmanaged. This study aimed to identify waste generation and composition, measure methane production potential through physical and chemical characterization of organic waste, and design an Anaerobic Digester (AD) facility. Data were obtained from secondary data from the Bogor City Environmental Agency and primary sampling at Galuga Landfill and the IPB Taman Semangat Integrated Waste Management Facility. Laboratory characterization covered moisture content, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), ash content, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, H, O, S, and C/N ratio, with methane potential calculated using the BMPth method based on the Buswell equation. Average waste generation reached 507 tons/day, with the organic fraction dominating at 51.48%. Characterization results showed a moisture content of 85.80%, TS of 14.20%, VS of 10.77%, organic carbon of 29.18%, and a C/N ratio of 25.14. The BMPth value was 660.22 m³CH4/tonVS, with a total daily methane potential of 17,709.08 m³/day. The digester was designed as a fixed dome type with 4 parallel reactor units of 20 m diameter, a total active volume of 11,369.30 m³, and an actual electrical energy output of 69,232.97 kWh/day.