Biokonversi Limbah Pangan menjadi Protein Pakan Hewan Uji Biomedis: Kasus Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

Limbah pangan yang terus meningkat memerlukan pengelolaan yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasi pakan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) berbasis biokonversi limbah pangan menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) serta menganalisis performa pertumbuhan hewan uji. Biokonversi dilakukan menggunakan 4 g telur BSF dan 34 kg limbah pangan selama 12 hari, kemudian larva hasil panen diolah menjadi pelet pakan dan diuji pada tikus putih galur Sprague Dawley selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat reduksi limbah (D) sebesar 75,5%, indeks reduksi limbah (WRI) sebesar 6,3%/hari, dan laju konsumsi limbah segar (FMCR) sebesar 80,0 mg/larva/hari. Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan pakan mengandung protein kasar 19,0%, lemak kasar 4,5%, serat kasar 1,6%, abu 13,7%, dan kadar air 13,5%. Pemberian pakan menghasilkan pertambahan bobot badan harian (ADG) sebesar 8,0 g/hari, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR) sebesar 1,0%/hari, rasio konversi pakan (FCR) sebesar 9,3, dan efisiensi pakan (FE) sebesar 10,7%, dengan pertambahan berat badan yang tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan pakan komersial. Pakan berbasis larva BSF berpotensi sebagai alternatif pakan hewan uji biomedis yang berkelanjutan.

The increasing amount of food waste requires effective management. This study aimed to formulate feed for white rats (Rattus norvegicus) using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae through food waste bioconversion and evaluate growth performance. Bioconversion was carried out using 4 g of BSF eggs and 34 kg of food waste for 12 days. Harvested larvae were processed into feed pellets and tested on Sprague Dawley rats for 14 days. The results showed a waste reduction (D) of 75.5%, a waste reduction index (WRI) of 6.3%/day, and a fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR) of 80.0 mg/larva/day. Proximate analysis showed crude protein of 19.0%, crude fat of 4.5%, crude fiber of 1.6%, ash of 13.7%, and moisture of 13.5%. The feed resulted in an average daily gain (ADG) of 8.0 g/day, a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.0%/day, a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 9.3, and a feed efficiency (FE) of 10.7%, with no significant difference in body weight gain. BSF-based feed has potential as a sustainable alternative feed for biomedical laboratory animals.