Karakteristik Biokonversi Limbah Pangan menjadi Protein Pakan Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus goramy, Lac.)

Abstract

Limbah pangan merupakan salah satu sumber utama sampah organik yang berpotensi menimbulkan dampak lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik biokonversi limbah pangan menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF), memproduksi pakan ikan gurami berbasis tepung BSF, serta mengevaluasi pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ikan gurami. Limbah pangan dari rumah makan diolah menggunakan larva BSF selama 15 hari, kemudian larva dipanen dan diolah menjadi tepung untuk formulasi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larva BSF mampu mereduksi limbah sebesar 62,7% dengan nilai Waste Reduction Index (WRI) 4,2%/hari dan Fresh Matter Consumption Rate (FMCR) 13 mg/larva/hari. Pakan yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan SNI 9043-8:2023 dengan kandungan protein 46%, lemak 7%, serat kasar 3%, kadar air 10%, dan kadar abu 12%. Aplikasi pakan pada ikan gurami menghasilkan pertambahan bobot mutlak 3,27 gram, panjang mutlak 1,29 cm, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik 1,91%/hari, lebih tinggi dibandingkan pakan komersial. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa larva BSF berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber protein alternatif untuk pakan ikan gurami sekaligus mendukung pengelolaan limbah pangan yang berkelanjutan.

Food waste is one of the largest sources of organic waste and can cause environmental problems if not properly managed. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of food waste bioconversion using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae, produce gourami fish feed based on BSF meal, and evaluate its effect on fish growth. Food waste collected from restaurants was processed by BSF larvae for 15 days, after which the larvae were harvested and converted into meal for feed formulation. The results showed that BSF larvae reduced food waste by 62.7%, with a Waste Reduction Index (WRI) of 4.2%/day and a Fresh Matter Consumption Rate (FMCR) of 13 mg/larva/day. The formulated feed met the requirements of SNI 9043-8:2023, containing 46% protein, 7% lipid, 3% crude fiber, 10% moisture, and 12% ash. Application of the BSF-based feed resulted in higher growth performance of gourami fish, with absolute weight gain of 3.27 gram, absolute length gain of 1.29 cm, and a specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.91%/day, compared with commercial feed. These findings indicate that BSF larvae can serve as an alternative protein source for gourami feed while supporting sustainable food waste management.