Evaluasi Kegiatan Konservasi Ex-situ Hiu Tokek (Atelomycterus marmoratus) di Seaworld Ancol Berbasis Data Reproduksi

Abstract

Hiu tokek (Atelomycterus marmoratus) dipelihara dalam sistem konservasi ex-situ di Seaworld Ancol untuk mendukung upaya pelestarian spesies yang mengalami penurunan populasi global sebesar 20–29% akibat degradasi terumbu karang dan risiko bycatch. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kegiatan konservasi ex-situ hiu tokek (A. marmoratus) di Seaworld Ancol berbasis data reproduksi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengukuran karakteristik indukan, telur, anakan dan hubungan kualitas air terhadap parameter reproduksi, serta seluruh stadia pemeliharaan yang dianalisis menggunakan Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCDM). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa indukan telah mencapai kematangan seksual penuh dan menghasilkan 8-9 telur per induk dengan variasi 1-2 kapsul telur per waktu. Nilai derajat pembuahan sebesar 88,24% dan derajat penetasan 60%. Anakan memiliki panjang rata-rata 10,79 cm dan bobot 4 g, menunjukkan pola alometrik negatif, sedangkan laju pertumbuhan harian spesifik mencapai puncaknya pada bulan kedua pengamatan. Kadar amonia melebihi nilai acuan pada seluruh stadia dan nitrit melebihi acuan pada stadia anakan, serta suhu pemeliharaan lebih tinggi dari kisaran optimal. Konservasi ex-situ hiu tokek (A. marmoratus) di Seaworld Ancol dinilai cukup efektif berdasarkan nilai rata-rata CCDM sebesar 0,435 dan masih memerlukan optimalisasi kualitas air untuk meningkatkan efektivitas konservasi.

The coral catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus) is maintained under ex-situ conservation at Seaworld Ancol to support the preservation of a species, whose global population has declined by 20–29% due to coral reef degradation and bycatch. This study aims to evaluate the ex-situ conservation of the coral catshark (A. marmoratus) at Seaworld Ancol based on reproductive data. The methods used include measuring the characteristics of broodstock, eggs, juveniles along with analyzing the relationship between water quality and reproductive parameters and analyzing all rearing stages using the Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCDM). The results showed that the broodstock had reached full sexual maturity and produced 8–9 eggs per female, with a variation of 1–2 egg capsules per event. The fertilization rate was 88.24% and the hatching rate was 60%. The juveniles had an average length of 10.79 cm and a weight of 4 g, exhibiting a negative allometric pattern, while the specific growth rate peaked in the second month of observation. Ammonia levels exceeded reference values at all stages, nitrite levels exceeded reference values during the juvenile stage, and rearing temperatures were higher than the optimal range. Ex-situ conservation of the coral catshark (A. marmoratus) at Seaworld Ancol was assessed as moderately effective, based on an average CCDM value of 0.435, though water quality still requires optimization to enhance conservation effectiveness.