Dampak Sektor Industri Pengolahan terhadap Perekonomian dan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Indonesia (Pendekatan Environmentally-Extended Input-Output)

Abstract

Sektor industri pengolahan menjadi penyumbang terbesar dalam produk domestik bruto Indonesia, namun kontribusinya cenderung menurun di beberapa dekade terakhir. Transformasi ekonomi diupayakan untuk meningkatkan kontribusi sektor ini, salah satunya dengan investasi. Investasi mampu meningkatkan output dan penyerapan tenaga kerja. Namun, peningkatan tersebut dapat mendorong pelepasan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan, multiplier effect, dan dampak investasi industri pengolahan terhadap output, tenaga kerja, dan emisi GRK. Penelitian ini menggunakan Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Table berdasarkan tabel input-output yang diperbarui dengan metode Euro. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sektor industri pengolahan memiliki keterkaitan yang relatif kuat dengan sektor lain dan termasuk sektor unggulan. Selain itu, industri pengolahan juga memiliki pengganda output di atas rata-rata, pengganda tenaga kerja mendekati nilai rata-rata, dan pengganda emisi GRK di bawah rata-rata. Adanya investasi sebesar Rp595,50 triliun yang tersebar di berbagai subsektor industri pengolahan, memberikan dampak terhadap tambahan output di seluruh perekonomian sebesar Rp1.053,24 triliun, dampak terhadap tambahan penyerapan tenaga kerja di seluruh perekonomian sebanyak 2,27 juta orang, serta dampak terhadap pelepasan emisi GRK sebesar 35.165,31 Gigagram CO2e, dengan sektor yang menerima dampak paling besar adalah industri pengolahan.

The manufacturing sector is the largest contributor to Indonesia's gross domestic product, but its contribution has been declining in recent decades. Economic transformation is necessary to increase the contribution of this sector, including through investment. Investment can increase output and employment. However, that increase can also increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the linkages, multiplier effects, and impacts of manufacturing industry investment on output, employment, and GHG emissions. This study uses an Environmentally Extended Input-Output Table based on an updated input-output table using the Euro method. The analysis shows that the manufacturing sector has relatively strong linkages with other sectors and is classified as a leading sector. Furthermore, the manufacturing industry also has an output multiplier greater than average, an employment multiplier that is close to the average, and a GHG emission multiplier less than average. The investment of IDR 595.50 trillion across various subsectors of manufacturing industry, generated an impact on increased output throughout the economy of IDR 1,053.24 trillion, an impact on increased employment throughout the economy of 2.27 million people, and an impact on increased GHG emissions throughout the economy of 35,165.31 Gigagram of CO2e, with the greatest impact occurring in the manufacturing sector.