Analisis Emisi N2O pada Sistem Fertigasi Otomatis Nirdaya (FONi) dengan Variasi Tinggi Muka Air dan Pemupukan untuk Budidaya Padi Sawah

Abstract

Budidaya padi sawah menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca, termasuk N2O, yang dipengaruhi oleh pengelolaan air dan pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh parameter kondisi tanah, variasi tinggi muka air, dan jenis pupuk terhadap emisi N2O pada budidaya padi menggunakan sistem Fertigasi Otomatis Nirdaya (FONi). Penelitian dilakukan di Kinjiro Farm pada Februari–Juni 2026 dengan empat perlakuan tinggi muka air, yaitu tergenang (RT), basah (RB), kering (RK), dan berselang (RBe), serta pupuk organik dan anorganik. Emisi N2O diukur mingguan menggunakan metode closed chamber dan dianalisis dengan gas kromatografi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa variasi tinggi muka air tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap emisi N2O, sedangkan jenis pupuk berpengaruh nyata melalui proses nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi. Emisi tertinggi terjadi pada RBe dengan pupuk anorganik sebesar 12,30 kg/ha/musim dan terendah pada RT dengan pupuk organik sebesar 2,63 kg/ha/musim. Penggunaan pupuk organik dan tinggi muka air 0–2 cm berpotensi menekan emisi N2O pada budidaya padi sawah.

Rice cultivation produces greenhouse gas emissions, including nitrous oxide (N2O), which are influenced by water and fertilizer management. This study aimed to analyze the effects of soil condition parameters, water table variations, and fertilizer types on N2O emissions in rice cultivation using the Fertigasi Otomatis Nirdaya (FONi) system. The study was conducted at Kinjiro Farm from February to June 2026 using four water table treatments: flooded (RT), wet (RB), dry (RK), and intermittent (RBe), combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers. N2O emissions were measured weekly using the closed chamber method and analyzed by gas chromatography. The results showed that water table variation had no significant effect on N2O emissions, whereas fertilizer type significantly affected emissions through nitrification and denitrification processes. The highest emission was observed in the RBe treatment with inorganic fertilizer (12.30 kg ha?¹ season?¹), while the lowest occurred in the RT treatment with organic fertilizer (2.63 kg ha?¹ season?¹). The use of organic fertilizer and maintaining a water table depth of 0–2 cm showed potential for reducing N2O emissions in rice cultivation.